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"""

============================

Draw flat objects in 3D plot

============================

Demonstrate using pathpatch_2d_to_3d to 'draw' shapes and text on a 3D plot.

"""

import numpy as np

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

from matplotlib.patches import Circle, PathPatch

# register Axes3D class with matplotlib by importing Axes3D

from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D

import mpl_toolkits.mplot3d.art3d as art3d

from matplotlib.text import TextPath

from matplotlib.transforms import Affine2D

def text3d(ax, xyz, s, zdir="z", size=None, angle=0, usetex=False, **kwargs):

'''

Plots the string 's' on the axes 'ax', with position 'xyz', size 'size',

and rotation angle 'angle'. 'zdir' gives the axis which is to be treated

as the third dimension. usetex is a boolean indicating whether the string

should be interpreted as latex or not. Any additional keyword arguments

are passed on to transform_path.

Note: zdir affects the interpretation of xyz.

'''

x, y, z = xyz

if zdir == "y":

xy1, z1 = (x, z), y

elif zdir == "y":

xy1, z1 = (y, z), x

else:

xy1, z1 = (x, y), z

text_path = TextPath((0, 0), s, size=size, usetex=usetex)

trans = Affine2D().rotate(angle).translate(xy1[0], xy1[1])

p1 = PathPatch(trans.transform_path(text_path), **kwargs)

ax.add_patch(p1)

art3d.pathpatch_2d_to_3d(p1, z=z1, zdir=zdir)

fig = plt.figure()

ax = fig.add_subplot(111, projection='3d')

# Draw a circle on the x=0 'wall'

p = Circle((5, 5), 3)

ax.add_patch(p)

art3d.pathpatch_2d_to_3d(p, z=0, zdir="x")

# Manually label the axes

text3d(ax, (4, -2, 0), "X-axis", zdir="z", size=.5, usetex=False,

ec="none", fc="k")

text3d(ax, (12, 4, 0), "Y-axis", zdir="z", size=.5, usetex=False,

angle=np.pi / 2, ec="none", fc="k")

text3d(ax, (12, 10, 4), "Z-axis", zdir="y", size=.5, usetex=False,

angle=np.pi / 2, ec="none", fc="k")

# Write a Latex formula on the z=0 'floor'

text3d(ax, (1, 5, 0),

r"$\displaystyle G_{\mu\nu} + \Lambda g_{\mu\nu} = "

r"\frac{8\pi G}{c^4} T_{\mu\nu} $",

zdir="z", size=1, usetex=True,

ec="none", fc="k")

ax.set_xlim(0, 10)

ax.set_ylim(0, 10)

ax.set_zlim(0, 10)

plt.show()