|
| 1 | +{ |
| 2 | + "cells": [ |
| 3 | + { |
| 4 | + "cell_type": "markdown", |
| 5 | + "metadata": {}, |
| 6 | + "source": [ |
| 7 | + "# requests 模块：HTTP for Human" |
| 8 | + ] |
| 9 | + }, |
| 10 | + { |
| 11 | + "cell_type": "code", |
| 12 | + "execution_count": 1, |
| 13 | + "metadata": { |
| 14 | + "collapsed": true |
| 15 | + }, |
| 16 | + "outputs": [], |
| 17 | + "source": [ |
| 18 | + "import requests" |
| 19 | + ] |
| 20 | + }, |
| 21 | + { |
| 22 | + "cell_type": "markdown", |
| 23 | + "metadata": { |
| 24 | + "collapsed": true |
| 25 | + }, |
| 26 | + "source": [ |
| 27 | + "Python 标准库中的 `urllib2` 模块提供了你所需要的大多数 `HTTP` 功能，但是它的 `API` 不是特别方便使用。\n", |
| 28 | + "\n", |
| 29 | + "`requests` 模块号称 `HTTP for Human`，它可以这样使用：" |
| 30 | + ] |
| 31 | + }, |
| 32 | + { |
| 33 | + "cell_type": "code", |
| 34 | + "execution_count": 2, |
| 35 | + "metadata": { |
| 36 | + "collapsed": false |
| 37 | + }, |
| 38 | + "outputs": [], |
| 39 | + "source": [ |
| 40 | + "r = requests.get(\"http://httpbin.org/get\")\n", |
| 41 | + "r = requests.post('http://httpbin.org/post', data = {'key':'value'})\n", |
| 42 | + "r = requests.put(\"http://httpbin.org/put\")\n", |
| 43 | + "r = requests.delete(\"http://httpbin.org/delete\")\n", |
| 44 | + "r = requests.head(\"http://httpbin.org/get\")\n", |
| 45 | + "r = requests.options(\"http://httpbin.org/get\")" |
| 46 | + ] |
| 47 | + }, |
| 48 | + { |
| 49 | + "cell_type": "markdown", |
| 50 | + "metadata": {}, |
| 51 | + "source": [ |
| 52 | + "## 传入 URL 参数" |
| 53 | + ] |
| 54 | + }, |
| 55 | + { |
| 56 | + "cell_type": "markdown", |
| 57 | + "metadata": {}, |
| 58 | + "source": [ |
| 59 | + "假如我们想访问 `httpbin.org/get?key=val`，我们可以使用 `params` 传入这些参数：" |
| 60 | + ] |
| 61 | + }, |
| 62 | + { |
| 63 | + "cell_type": "code", |
| 64 | + "execution_count": 3, |
| 65 | + "metadata": { |
| 66 | + "collapsed": true |
| 67 | + }, |
| 68 | + "outputs": [], |
| 69 | + "source": [ |
| 70 | + "payload = {'key1': 'value1', 'key2': 'value2'}\n", |
| 71 | + "r = requests.get(\"http://httpbin.org/get\", params=payload)" |
| 72 | + ] |
| 73 | + }, |
| 74 | + { |
| 75 | + "cell_type": "markdown", |
| 76 | + "metadata": {}, |
| 77 | + "source": [ |
| 78 | + "查看 `url` ：" |
| 79 | + ] |
| 80 | + }, |
| 81 | + { |
| 82 | + "cell_type": "code", |
| 83 | + "execution_count": 4, |
| 84 | + "metadata": { |
| 85 | + "collapsed": false |
| 86 | + }, |
| 87 | + "outputs": [ |
| 88 | + { |
| 89 | + "name": "stdout", |
| 90 | + "output_type": "stream", |
| 91 | + "text": [ |
| 92 | + "http://httpbin.org/get?key2=value2&key1=value1\n" |
| 93 | + ] |
| 94 | + } |
| 95 | + ], |
| 96 | + "source": [ |
| 97 | + "print(r.url)" |
| 98 | + ] |
| 99 | + }, |
| 100 | + { |
| 101 | + "cell_type": "markdown", |
| 102 | + "metadata": {}, |
| 103 | + "source": [ |
| 104 | + "## 读取响应内容" |
| 105 | + ] |
| 106 | + }, |
| 107 | + { |
| 108 | + "cell_type": "markdown", |
| 109 | + "metadata": {}, |
| 110 | + "source": [ |
| 111 | + "`Requests` 会自动解码来自服务器的内容。大多数 `unicode` 字符集都能被无缝地解码。" |
| 112 | + ] |
| 113 | + }, |
| 114 | + { |
| 115 | + "cell_type": "code", |
| 116 | + "execution_count": 5, |
| 117 | + "metadata": { |
| 118 | + "collapsed": false |
| 119 | + }, |
| 120 | + "outputs": [ |
| 121 | + { |
| 122 | + "name": "stdout", |
| 123 | + "output_type": "stream", |
| 124 | + "text": [ |
| 125 | + "{\"message\":\"Hello there, wayfaring stranger. If you’re reading this then you probably didn’t see our blog post a couple of years back announcing that this API would go away: http://git.io/17AROg Fear not, you should be able to get what you need from the shiny new Events API instead.\",\"documentation_url\":\"https://developer.github.com/v3/activity/events/#list-public-events\"}\n" |
| 126 | + ] |
| 127 | + } |
| 128 | + ], |
| 129 | + "source": [ |
| 130 | + "r = requests.get('https://github.com/timeline.json')\n", |
| 131 | + "\n", |
| 132 | + "print r.text" |
| 133 | + ] |
| 134 | + }, |
| 135 | + { |
| 136 | + "cell_type": "markdown", |
| 137 | + "metadata": {}, |
| 138 | + "source": [ |
| 139 | + "查看文字编码：" |
| 140 | + ] |
| 141 | + }, |
| 142 | + { |
| 143 | + "cell_type": "code", |
| 144 | + "execution_count": 6, |
| 145 | + "metadata": { |
| 146 | + "collapsed": false |
| 147 | + }, |
| 148 | + "outputs": [ |
| 149 | + { |
| 150 | + "data": { |
| 151 | + "text/plain": [ |
| 152 | + "'utf-8'" |
| 153 | + ] |
| 154 | + }, |
| 155 | + "execution_count": 6, |
| 156 | + "metadata": {}, |
| 157 | + "output_type": "execute_result" |
| 158 | + } |
| 159 | + ], |
| 160 | + "source": [ |
| 161 | + "r.encoding" |
| 162 | + ] |
| 163 | + }, |
| 164 | + { |
| 165 | + "cell_type": "markdown", |
| 166 | + "metadata": {}, |
| 167 | + "source": [ |
| 168 | + "每次改变文字编码，`text` 的内容也随之变化：" |
| 169 | + ] |
| 170 | + }, |
| 171 | + { |
| 172 | + "cell_type": "code", |
| 173 | + "execution_count": 7, |
| 174 | + "metadata": { |
| 175 | + "collapsed": false |
| 176 | + }, |
| 177 | + "outputs": [ |
| 178 | + { |
| 179 | + "data": { |
| 180 | + "text/plain": [ |
| 181 | + "u'{\"message\":\"Hello there, wayfaring stranger. If you\\xe2\\x80\\x99re reading this then you probably didn\\xe2\\x80\\x99t see our blog post a couple of years back announcing that this API would go away: http://git.io/17AROg Fear not, you should be able to get what you need from the shiny new Events API instead.\",\"documentation_url\":\"https://developer.github.com/v3/activity/events/#list-public-events\"}'" |
| 182 | + ] |
| 183 | + }, |
| 184 | + "execution_count": 7, |
| 185 | + "metadata": {}, |
| 186 | + "output_type": "execute_result" |
| 187 | + } |
| 188 | + ], |
| 189 | + "source": [ |
| 190 | + "r.encoding = \"ISO-8859-1\"\n", |
| 191 | + "\n", |
| 192 | + "r.text" |
| 193 | + ] |
| 194 | + }, |
| 195 | + { |
| 196 | + "cell_type": "markdown", |
| 197 | + "metadata": {}, |
| 198 | + "source": [ |
| 199 | + "`Requests` 中也有一个内置的 `JSON` 解码器处理 `JSON` 数据：" |
| 200 | + ] |
| 201 | + }, |
| 202 | + { |
| 203 | + "cell_type": "code", |
| 204 | + "execution_count": 8, |
| 205 | + "metadata": { |
| 206 | + "collapsed": false |
| 207 | + }, |
| 208 | + "outputs": [ |
| 209 | + { |
| 210 | + "data": { |
| 211 | + "text/plain": [ |
| 212 | + "{u'documentation_url': u'https://developer.github.com/v3/activity/events/#list-public-events',\n", |
| 213 | + " u'message': u'Hello there, wayfaring stranger. If you\\xe2\\x80\\x99re reading this then you probably didn\\xe2\\x80\\x99t see our blog post a couple of years back announcing that this API would go away: http://git.io/17AROg Fear not, you should be able to get what you need from the shiny new Events API instead.'}" |
| 214 | + ] |
| 215 | + }, |
| 216 | + "execution_count": 8, |
| 217 | + "metadata": {}, |
| 218 | + "output_type": "execute_result" |
| 219 | + } |
| 220 | + ], |
| 221 | + "source": [ |
| 222 | + "r.json()" |
| 223 | + ] |
| 224 | + }, |
| 225 | + { |
| 226 | + "cell_type": "markdown", |
| 227 | + "metadata": {}, |
| 228 | + "source": [ |
| 229 | + "如果 `JSON` 解码失败， `r.json` 就会抛出一个异常。" |
| 230 | + ] |
| 231 | + }, |
| 232 | + { |
| 233 | + "cell_type": "markdown", |
| 234 | + "metadata": {}, |
| 235 | + "source": [ |
| 236 | + "## 响应状态码" |
| 237 | + ] |
| 238 | + }, |
| 239 | + { |
| 240 | + "cell_type": "code", |
| 241 | + "execution_count": 9, |
| 242 | + "metadata": { |
| 243 | + "collapsed": false |
| 244 | + }, |
| 245 | + "outputs": [ |
| 246 | + { |
| 247 | + "data": { |
| 248 | + "text/plain": [ |
| 249 | + "407" |
| 250 | + ] |
| 251 | + }, |
| 252 | + "execution_count": 9, |
| 253 | + "metadata": {}, |
| 254 | + "output_type": "execute_result" |
| 255 | + } |
| 256 | + ], |
| 257 | + "source": [ |
| 258 | + "r = requests.get('http://httpbin.org/get')\n", |
| 259 | + "\n", |
| 260 | + "r.status_code" |
| 261 | + ] |
| 262 | + }, |
| 263 | + { |
| 264 | + "cell_type": "markdown", |
| 265 | + "metadata": {}, |
| 266 | + "source": [ |
| 267 | + "## 响应头" |
| 268 | + ] |
| 269 | + }, |
| 270 | + { |
| 271 | + "cell_type": "code", |
| 272 | + "execution_count": 10, |
| 273 | + "metadata": { |
| 274 | + "collapsed": false |
| 275 | + }, |
| 276 | + "outputs": [ |
| 277 | + { |
| 278 | + "data": { |
| 279 | + "text/plain": [ |
| 280 | + "'text/html'" |
| 281 | + ] |
| 282 | + }, |
| 283 | + "execution_count": 10, |
| 284 | + "metadata": {}, |
| 285 | + "output_type": "execute_result" |
| 286 | + } |
| 287 | + ], |
| 288 | + "source": [ |
| 289 | + "r.headers['Content-Type']" |
| 290 | + ] |
| 291 | + } |
| 292 | + ], |
| 293 | + "metadata": { |
| 294 | + "kernelspec": { |
| 295 | + "display_name": "Python 2", |
| 296 | + "language": "python", |
| 297 | + "name": "python2" |
| 298 | + }, |
| 299 | + "language_info": { |
| 300 | + "codemirror_mode": { |
| 301 | + "name": "ipython", |
| 302 | + "version": 2 |
| 303 | + }, |
| 304 | + "file_extension": ".py", |
| 305 | + "mimetype": "text/x-python", |
| 306 | + "name": "python", |
| 307 | + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", |
| 308 | + "pygments_lexer": "ipython2", |
| 309 | + "version": "2.7.6" |
| 310 | + } |
| 311 | + }, |
| 312 | + "nbformat": 4, |
| 313 | + "nbformat_minor": 0 |
| 314 | +} |
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