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  Stockfish, a UCI chess playing engine derived from Glaurung 2.1
  Copyright (C) 2004-2008 Tord Romstad (Glaurung author)
  Copyright (C) 2008-2015 Marco Costalba, Joona Kiiski, Tord Romstad
  Stockfish is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
  it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
  the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
  (at your option) any later version.
  Stockfish is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
  GNU General Public License for more details.
  You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
  along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
#include <cstring>   // For std::memset
#include <iostream>
#include "bitboard.h"
#include "tt.h"
TranspositionTable TT; // Our global transposition table
/// TranspositionTable::resize() sets the size of the transposition table,
/// measured in megabytes. Transposition table consists of a power of 2 number
/// of clusters and each cluster consists of ClusterSize number of TTEntry.
void TranspositionTable::resize(size_t mbSize) {
  size_t newClusterCount = size_t(1) << msb((mbSize * 1024 * 1024) / sizeof(Cluster));
  if (newClusterCount == clusterCount)
      return;
  clusterCount = newClusterCount;
  free(mem);
  mem = calloc(clusterCount * sizeof(Cluster) + CacheLineSize - 1, 1);
  if (!mem)
      std::cerr << "Failed to allocate " << mbSize
                << "MB for transposition table." << std::endl;
      exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
  table = (Cluster*)((uintptr_t(mem) + CacheLineSize - 1) & ~(CacheLineSize - 1));
/// TranspositionTable::clear() overwrites the entire transposition table
/// with zeros. It is called whenever the table is resized, or when the
/// user asks the program to clear the table (from the UCI interface).
void TranspositionTable::clear() {
  std::memset(table, 0, clusterCount * sizeof(Cluster));
/// TranspositionTable::probe() looks up the current position in the transposition
/// table. It returns true and a pointer to the TTEntry if the position is found.
/// Otherwise, it returns false and a pointer to an empty or least valuable TTEntry
/// to be replaced later. The replace value of an entry is calculated as its depth
/// minus 8 times its relative age. TTEntry t1 is considered more valuable than
/// TTEntry t2 if its replace value is greater than that of t2.
TTEntry* TranspositionTable::probe(const Key key, bool& found) const {
  TTEntry* const tte = first_entry(key);
  const uint16_t key16 = key >> 48;  // Use the high 16 bits as key inside the cluster
  for (int i = 0; i < ClusterSize; ++i)
      if (!tte[i].key16 || tte[i].key16 == key16)
          if ((tte[i].genBound8 & 0xFC) != generation8 && tte[i].key16)
              tte[i].genBound8 = uint8_t(generation8 | tte[i].bound()); // Refresh
          return found = (bool)tte[i].key16, &tte[i];
  // Find an entry to be replaced according to the replacement strategy
  TTEntry* replace = tte;
  for (int i = 1; i < ClusterSize; ++i)
      // Due to our packed storage format for generation and its cyclic
      // nature we add 259 (256 is the modulus plus 3 to keep the lowest
      // two bound bits from affecting the result) to calculate the entry
      // age correctly even after generation8 overflows into the next cycle.
      if (  replace->depth8 - ((259 + generation8 - replace->genBound8) & 0xFC) * 2 * ONE_PLY
          >   tte[i].depth8 - ((259 + generation8 -   tte[i].genBound8) & 0xFC) * 2 * ONE_PLY)
          replace = &tte[i];
  return found = false, replace;
/// Returns an approximation of the hashtable occupation during a search. The
/// hash is x permill full, as per UCI protocol.
int TranspositionTable::hashfull() const
  int cnt = 0;
  for (int i = 0; i < 1000 / ClusterSize; i++)
      const TTEntry* tte = &table[i].entry[0];
      for (int j = 0; j < ClusterSize; j++)
          if ((tte[j].genBound8 & 0xFC) == generation8)
              cnt++;
  return cnt;
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