_Fluent Python, Second Edition_ has more than 1000 links to external resources.

Inevitably, some of those links will rot as time passes.

But I can't change the URLs in the print book...

I replaced almost all URLs in the book with shortened versions that go through the `fpy.li` site which I control.

The site has an `.htaccess` file with *temporary* redirects.

When I find out a link is stale, I can thange the redirect in `.htaccess` to a new target,

which may be a link to copy in the Internet Archive's

[Wayback Machine](https://archive.org/web/)

o the link in the book is back in service through the updated redirect.

Please report broken links as bugs in the [`FPY.LI.htaccess`](FPY.LI.htaccess) file.

Also, feel free to send pull requests with fixes to that file.

When I accept a PR, I will redeploy it to `fpy.li/.htaccess`.

Almost all URLs in the book are replaced with shortened versions like

[`http://fpy.li/1-3`](http://fpy.li/1-3)—for chapter 1, link #3.

There are also custom short URLs like

[`https://fpy.li/code`](https://fpy.li/code) which redirects to the example code repository.

I used custom short URLs for URLs with 3 or more mentions, or links to PEPs.

Exceptions:

- URLs with `oreilly` in them are unchanged;

- `fluentpython.com` URL (with no path) is unchanged;

The `custom.htaccess` file contains redirects with custom names

plus numbered URLs generated from the links in each chapter in

the Second Edition in English.

`short.htaccess` has redirects made by `short.py`, starting

with the Second Edition in Brazilian Portuguese.

cat custom.htaccess short.htaccess > FPY.LI.htaccess

`FPY.LI.htaccess` is deployed at the root folder in `http://fpy.li`.