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// Arduino MCP79412RTC Library
// https://github.com/JChristensen/MCP79412RTC
// Copyright (C) 2018 by Jack Christensen and licensed under
// GNU GPL v3.0, https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html
//
// Arduino library for the Microchip MCP7941x Real-Time Clocks.
// Requires PJRC's improved version of the Arduino Time Library,
// https://playground.arduino.cc/Code/Time
// https://github.com/PaulStoffregen/Time
//
// For AVR architecture, an MCP79412RTC object named RTC is instantiated
// by the library and I2C initialization occurs in the constructor;
// this is for backwards compatibility.
// For other architectures, the user needs to instantiate a MCP79412RTC
// object and optionally initialize the I2C bus by calling
// MCP79412RTC::begin(). The constructor has an optional bool parameter
// to indicate whether I2C initialization should occur in the
// constructor; this parameter defaults to true if not given.
#include <MCP79412RTC.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include "i2c.h"
#define i2cBegin i2c.begin
#define i2cBeginTransmission i2c.beginTransmission
#define i2cEndTransmission i2c.endTransmission
#define i2cRequestFrom i2c.requestFrom
#define i2cRead i2c.read
#define i2cWrite i2c.write
// MCP7941x I2C Addresses
#define RTC_ADDR 0x6F
#define EEPROM_ADDR 0x57
// MCP7941x Register Addresses
#define TIME_REG 0x00 // 7 registers, Seconds, Minutes, Hours, DOW, Date, Month, Year
#define DAY_REG 0x03 // the RTC Day register contains the OSCON, VBAT, and VBATEN bits
#define YEAR_REG 0x06 // RTC year register
#define CTRL_REG 0x07 // control register
#define CALIB_REG 0x08 // calibration register
#define UNLOCK_ID_REG 0x09 // unlock ID register
#define ALM0_REG 0x0A // alarm 0, 6 registers, Seconds, Minutes, Hours, DOW, Date, Month
#define ALM1_REG 0x11 // alarm 1, 6 registers, Seconds, Minutes, Hours, DOW, Date, Month
#define ALM0_DAY 0x0D // DOW register has alarm config/flag bits
#define PWRDWN_TS_REG 0x18 // power-down timestamp, 4 registers, Minutes, Hours, Date, Month
#define PWRUP_TS_REG 0x1C // power-up timestamp, 4 registers, Minutes, Hours, Date, Month
#define TIMESTAMP_SIZE 8 // number of bytes in the two timestamp registers
#define SRAM_START_ADDR 0x20 // first SRAM address
#define SRAM_SIZE 64 // number of bytes of SRAM
#define EEPROM_SIZE 128 // number of bytes of EEPROM
#define EEPROM_PAGE_SIZE 8 // number of bytes on an EEPROM page
#define UNIQUE_ID_ADDR 0xF0 // starting address for unique ID
#define UNIQUE_ID_SIZE 8 // number of bytes in unique ID
// Control Register bits
#define OUT 7 // sets logic level on MFP when not used as square wave output
#define SQWE 6 // set to enable square wave output
#define ALM1 5 // alarm 1 is active
#define ALM0 4 // alarm 0 is active
#define EXTOSC 3 // set to drive the RTC registers from an external oscillator instead of a crystal
#define RS2 2 // RS2:0 set square wave output frequency: 0==1Hz, 1==4096Hz, 2==8192Hz, 3=32768Hz
#define RS1 1
#define RS0 0
// Other Control Bits
#define ST 7 // Seconds register (TIME_REG) oscillator start/stop bit, 1==Start, 0==Stop
#define HR1224 6 // Hours register (TIME_REG+2) 12 or 24 hour mode (24 hour mode==0)
#define AMPM 5 // Hours register (TIME_REG+2) AM/PM bit for 12 hour mode
#define OSCON 5 // Day register (TIME_REG+3) oscillator running (set and cleared by hardware)
#define VBAT 4 // Day register (TIME_REG+3) set by hardware when Vcc fails and RTC runs on battery.
// VBAT is cleared by software, clearing VBAT also clears the timestamp registers
#define VBATEN 3 // Day register (TIME_REG+3) VBATEN==1 enables backup battery, VBATEN==0 disconnects the VBAT pin (e.g. to save battery)
#define LP 5 // Month register (TIME_REG+5) leap year bit
// Alarm Control Bits
#define ALMPOL 7 // Alarm Polarity: Defines the logic level for the MFP when an alarm is triggered.
#define ALMC2 6 // Alarm configuration bits determine how alarms match. See ALM_MATCH defines below.
#define ALMC1 5
#define ALMC0 4
#define ALMIF 3 // Alarm Interrupt Flag: Set by hardware when an alarm was triggered, cleared by software.
// Constructor. Initializes the I2C bus by default, but better
// practice is to pass false in the constructor and call
// the begin() function in the setup code.
MCP79412RTC::MCP79412RTC(bool initI2C)
{
if (initI2C) i2cBegin();
}
// Initialize the I2C bus.
void MCP79412RTC::begin()
{
i2cBegin();
}
// Read the current time from the RTC and return it as a time_t value.
// Returns a zero value if RTC not present (I2C I/O error).
time_t MCP79412RTC::get()
{
tmElements_t tm;
if ( read(tm) )
return( makeTime(tm) );
else
return 0;
}
// Set the RTC to the given time_t value.
void MCP79412RTC::set(time_t t)
{
tmElements_t tm;
breakTime(t, tm);
write(tm);
}
// Read the current time from the RTC and return it in a tmElements_t
// structure. Returns false if RTC not present (I2C I/O error).
bool MCP79412RTC::read(tmElements_t &tm)
{
i2cBeginTransmission(RTC_ADDR);
i2cWrite((uint8_t)TIME_REG);
if (i2cEndTransmission() != 0) {
return false;
}
else {
// request 7 bytes (secs, min, hr, dow, date, mth, yr)
i2cRequestFrom(RTC_ADDR, tmNbrFields);
tm.Second = bcd2dec(i2cRead() & ~_BV(ST));
tm.Minute = bcd2dec(i2cRead());
tm.Hour = bcd2dec(i2cRead() & ~_BV(HR1224)); // assumes 24hr clock
tm.Wday = i2cRead() & ~(_BV(OSCON) | _BV(VBAT) | _BV(VBATEN)); // mask off OSCON, VBAT, VBATEN bits
tm.Day = bcd2dec(i2cRead());
tm.Month = bcd2dec(i2cRead() & ~_BV(LP)); // mask off the leap year bit
tm.Year = y2kYearToTm(bcd2dec(i2cRead()));
return true;
}
}
// Set the RTC's time from a tmElements_t structure.
void MCP79412RTC::write(tmElements_t &tm)
{
i2cBeginTransmission(RTC_ADDR);
i2cWrite((uint8_t)TIME_REG);
i2cWrite((uint8_t)0x00); // stops the oscillator (Bit 7, ST == 0)
i2cWrite(dec2bcd(tm.Minute));
i2cWrite(dec2bcd(tm.Hour)); // sets 24 hour format (Bit 6 == 0)
i2cWrite(tm.Wday | _BV(VBATEN)); // enable battery backup operation
i2cWrite(dec2bcd(tm.Day));
i2cWrite(dec2bcd(tm.Month));
i2cWrite(dec2bcd(tmYearToY2k(tm.Year)));
i2cEndTransmission();
i2cBeginTransmission(RTC_ADDR);
i2cWrite((uint8_t)TIME_REG);
i2cWrite(dec2bcd(tm.Second) | _BV(ST)); // set the seconds and start the oscillator (Bit 7, ST == 1)
i2cEndTransmission();
}
// Write a single byte to RTC RAM.
// Valid address range is 0x00 - 0x5F, no checking.
void MCP79412RTC::ramWrite(byte addr, byte value)
{
ramWrite(addr, &value, 1);
}
// Write multiple bytes to RTC RAM.
// Valid address range is 0x00 - 0x5F, no checking.
// Number of bytes (nBytes) must be between 1 and 31 (Wire library
// limitation).
void MCP79412RTC::ramWrite(byte addr, byte *values, byte nBytes)
{
i2cBeginTransmission(RTC_ADDR);
i2cWrite(addr);
for (byte i=0; i<nBytes; i++) i2cWrite(values[i]);
i2cEndTransmission();
}
// Read a single byte from RTC RAM.
// Valid address range is 0x00 - 0x5F, no checking.
byte MCP79412RTC::ramRead(byte addr)
{
byte value;
ramRead(addr, &value, 1);
return value;
}
// Read multiple bytes from RTC RAM.
// Valid address range is 0x00 - 0x5F, no checking.
// Number of bytes (nBytes) must be between 1 and 32 (Wire library
// limitation).
void MCP79412RTC::ramRead(byte addr, byte *values, byte nBytes)
{
i2cBeginTransmission(RTC_ADDR);
i2cWrite(addr);
i2cEndTransmission();
i2cRequestFrom( (uint8_t)RTC_ADDR, nBytes );
for (byte i=0; i<nBytes; i++) values[i] = i2cRead();
}
// Write a single byte to Static RAM.
// Address (addr) is constrained to the range (0, 63).
void MCP79412RTC::sramWrite(byte addr, byte value)
{
ramWrite( (addr & (SRAM_SIZE - 1) ) + SRAM_START_ADDR, &value, 1 );
}
// Write multiple bytes to Static RAM.
// Address (addr) is constrained to the range (0, 63).
// Number of bytes (nBytes) must be between 1 and 31 (Wire library
// limitation).
// Invalid values for nBytes, or combinations of addr and nBytes
// that would result in addressing past the last byte of SRAM will
// result in no action.
void MCP79412RTC::sramWrite(byte addr, byte *values, byte nBytes)
{
#if defined(__AVR_ATtiny44__) || defined(__AVR_ATtiny84__) || defined(__AVR_ATtiny45__) || defined(__AVR_ATtiny85__)
if (nBytes >= 1 && (addr + nBytes) <= SRAM_SIZE) {
#else
if (nBytes >= 1 && nBytes <= (BUFFER_LENGTH - 1) && (addr + nBytes) <= SRAM_SIZE) {
#endif
ramWrite( (addr & (SRAM_SIZE - 1) ) + SRAM_START_ADDR, values, nBytes );
}
}
// Read a single byte from Static RAM.
// Address (addr) is constrained to the range (0, 63).
byte MCP79412RTC::sramRead(byte addr)
{
byte value;
ramRead( (addr & (SRAM_SIZE - 1) ) + SRAM_START_ADDR, &value, 1 );
return value;
}
// Read multiple bytes from Static RAM.
// Address (addr) is constrained to the range (0, 63).
// Number of bytes (nBytes) must be between 1 and 32 (Wire library
// limitation).
// Invalid values for nBytes, or combinations of addr and
// nBytes that would result in addressing past the last byte of SRAM
// result in no action.
void MCP79412RTC::sramRead(byte addr, byte *values, byte nBytes)
{
#if defined(__AVR_ATtiny44__) || defined(__AVR_ATtiny84__) || defined(__AVR_ATtiny45__) || defined(__AVR_ATtiny85__)
if (nBytes >= 1 && (addr + nBytes) <= SRAM_SIZE) {
#else
if (nBytes >= 1 && nBytes <= BUFFER_LENGTH && (addr + nBytes) <= SRAM_SIZE) {
#endif
ramRead((addr & (SRAM_SIZE - 1) ) + SRAM_START_ADDR, values, nBytes);
}
}
// Write a single byte to EEPROM.
// Address (addr) is constrained to the range (0, 127).
// Can't leverage page write function because a write can't start
// mid-page.
void MCP79412RTC::eepromWrite(byte addr, byte value)
{
i2cBeginTransmission(EEPROM_ADDR);
i2cWrite( addr & (EEPROM_SIZE - 1) );
i2cWrite(value);
i2cEndTransmission();
eepromWait();
}
// Write a page (or less) to EEPROM. An EEPROM page is 8 bytes.
// Address (addr) should be a page start address (0, 8, ..., 120), but
// is ruthlessly coerced into a valid value.
// Number of bytes (nBytes) must be between 1 and 8, other values
// result in no action.
void MCP79412RTC::eepromWrite(byte addr, byte *values, byte nBytes)
{
if (nBytes >= 1 && nBytes <= EEPROM_PAGE_SIZE) {
i2cBeginTransmission(EEPROM_ADDR);
i2cWrite( addr & ~(EEPROM_PAGE_SIZE - 1) & (EEPROM_SIZE - 1) );
for (byte i=0; i<nBytes; i++) i2cWrite(values[i]);
i2cEndTransmission();
eepromWait();
}
}
// Read a single byte from EEPROM.
// Address (addr) is constrained to the range (0, 127).
byte MCP79412RTC::eepromRead(byte addr)
{
byte value;
eepromRead( addr & (EEPROM_SIZE - 1), &value, 1 );
return value;
}
// Read multiple bytes from EEPROM.
// Address (addr) is constrained to the range (0, 127).
// Number of bytes (nBytes) must be between 1 and 32 (Wire library
// limitation).
// Invalid values for addr or nBytes, or combinations of addr and
// nBytes that would result in addressing past the last byte of EEPROM
// result in no action.
void MCP79412RTC::eepromRead(byte addr, byte *values, byte nBytes)
{
#if defined(__AVR_ATtiny44__) || defined(__AVR_ATtiny84__) || defined(__AVR_ATtiny45__) || defined(__AVR_ATtiny85__)
if (nBytes >= 1 && (addr + nBytes) <= EEPROM_SIZE) {
#else
if (nBytes >= 1 && nBytes <= BUFFER_LENGTH && (addr + nBytes) <= EEPROM_SIZE) {
#endif
i2cBeginTransmission(EEPROM_ADDR);
i2cWrite( addr & (EEPROM_SIZE - 1) );
i2cEndTransmission();
i2cRequestFrom( (uint8_t)EEPROM_ADDR, nBytes );
for (byte i=0; i<nBytes; i++) values[i] = i2cRead();
}
}
// Wait for EEPROM write to complete.
byte MCP79412RTC::eepromWait()
{
byte waitCount = 0;
byte txStatus;
do
{
++waitCount;
i2cBeginTransmission(EEPROM_ADDR);
i2cWrite((uint8_t)0);
txStatus = i2cEndTransmission();
} while (txStatus != 0);
return waitCount;
}
// Read the calibration register.
// The calibration value is not a twos-complement number. The MSB is
// the sign bit, and the 7 LSBs are an unsigned number, so we convert
// it and return it to the caller as a regular twos-complement integer.
int MCP79412RTC::calibRead()
{
byte val = ramRead(CALIB_REG);
if ( val & 0x80 ) return -(val & 0x7F);
else return val;
}
// Write the calibration register.
// Calibration value must be between -127 and 127, others result
// in no action. See note above on the format of the calibration value.
void MCP79412RTC::calibWrite(int value)
{
byte calibVal;
if (value >= -127 && value <= 127) {
calibVal = abs(value);
if (value < 0) calibVal += 128;
ramWrite(CALIB_REG, calibVal);
}
}
// Read the unique ID.
// For the MCP79411 (EUI-48), the first two bytes will contain 0xFF.
// Caller must provide an 8-byte array to contain the results.
void MCP79412RTC::idRead(byte *uniqueID)
{
i2cBeginTransmission(EEPROM_ADDR);
i2cWrite(UNIQUE_ID_ADDR);
i2cEndTransmission();
i2cRequestFrom( EEPROM_ADDR, UNIQUE_ID_SIZE );
for (byte i=0; i<UNIQUE_ID_SIZE; i++) uniqueID[i] = i2cRead();
}
// Returns an EUI-64 ID. For an MCP79411, the EUI-48 ID is converted to
// EUI-64. For an MCP79412, calling this function is equivalent to
// calling idRead(). For an MCP79412, if the RTC type is known, calling
// idRead() will be a bit more efficient.
// Caller must provide an 8-byte array to contain the results.
void MCP79412RTC::getEUI64(byte *uniqueID)
{
byte rtcID[8];
idRead(rtcID);
if (rtcID[0] == 0xFF && rtcID[1] == 0xFF) {
rtcID[0] = rtcID[2];
rtcID[1] = rtcID[3];
rtcID[2] = rtcID[4];
rtcID[3] = 0xFF;
rtcID[4] = 0xFE;
}
for (byte i=0; i<UNIQUE_ID_SIZE; i++) uniqueID[i] = rtcID[i];
}
// Check to see if a power failure has occurred. If so, returns TRUE
// as the function value, and returns the power down and power up
// timestamps. After returning the time stamps, the RTC's timestamp
// registers are cleared and the VBAT bit which indicates a power
// failure is reset.
//
// Note that the power down and power up timestamp registers do not
// contain values for seconds or for the year. The returned time stamps
// will therefore contain the current year from the RTC. However, there
// is a chance that a power outage spans from one year to the next.
// If we find the power down timestamp to be later (larger) than the
// power up timestamp, we will assume this has happened, and
// subtract one year from the power down timestamp.
//
// Still, there is an assumption that the timestamps are being read
// in the same year as that when the power up occurred.
//
// Finally, note that once the RTC records a power outage, it must be
// cleared before another will be recorded.
bool MCP79412RTC::powerFail(time_t *powerDown, time_t *powerUp)
{
byte day, yr; // copies of the RTC Day and Year registers
tmElements_t dn, up; // power down and power up times
ramRead(DAY_REG, &day, 1);
ramRead(YEAR_REG, &yr, 1);
yr = y2kYearToTm(bcd2dec(yr));
if ( day & _BV(VBAT) ) {
i2cBeginTransmission(RTC_ADDR);
i2cWrite(PWRDWN_TS_REG);
i2cEndTransmission();
i2cRequestFrom(RTC_ADDR, TIMESTAMP_SIZE); // read both timestamp registers, 8 bytes total
dn.Second = 0;
dn.Minute = bcd2dec(i2cRead());
dn.Hour = bcd2dec(i2cRead() & ~_BV(HR1224)); // assumes 24hr clock
dn.Day = bcd2dec(i2cRead());
dn.Month = bcd2dec(i2cRead() & 0x1F); // mask off the day, we don't need it
dn.Year = yr; // assume current year
up.Second = 0;
up.Minute = bcd2dec(i2cRead());
up.Hour = bcd2dec(i2cRead() & ~_BV(HR1224)); // assumes 24hr clock
up.Day = bcd2dec(i2cRead());
up.Month = bcd2dec(i2cRead() & 0x1F); // mask off the day, we don't need it
up.Year = yr; // assume current year
*powerDown = makeTime(dn);
*powerUp = makeTime(up);
// clear the VBAT bit, which causes the RTC hardware to clear the timestamps too.
// I suppose there is a risk here that the day has changed since we read it,
// but the Day of Week is actually redundant data and the makeTime() function
// does not use it. This could be an issue if someone is reading the RTC
// registers directly, but as this library is meant to be used with the Time library,
// and also because we don't provide a method to read the RTC clock/calendar
// registers directly, we won't lose any sleep about it at this point unless
// some issue is actually brought to our attention ;-)
day &= ~_BV(VBAT);
ramWrite(DAY_REG, &day , 1);
// adjust the powerDown timestamp if needed (see notes above)
if (*powerDown > *powerUp) {
--dn.Year;
*powerDown = makeTime(dn);
}
return true;
}
else
return false;
}
// Enable or disable the square wave output.
void MCP79412RTC::squareWave(uint8_t freq)
{
uint8_t ctrlReg;
ramRead(CTRL_REG, &ctrlReg, 1);
if (freq > 3) {
ctrlReg &= ~_BV(SQWE);
}
else {
ctrlReg = (ctrlReg & 0xF8) | _BV(SQWE) | freq;
}
ramWrite(CTRL_REG, &ctrlReg, 1);
}
// Set an alarm time. Sets the alarm registers only, does not enable
// the alarm. See enableAlarm().
void MCP79412RTC::setAlarm(uint8_t alarmNumber, time_t alarmTime)
{
tmElements_t tm;
uint8_t day; // need to preserve bits in the day (of week) register
alarmNumber &= 0x01; // ensure a valid alarm number
ramRead( ALM0_DAY + alarmNumber * (ALM1_REG - ALM0_REG) , &day, 1);
breakTime(alarmTime, tm);
i2cBeginTransmission(RTC_ADDR);
i2cWrite( ALM0_REG + alarmNumber * (ALM1_REG - ALM0_REG) );
i2cWrite(dec2bcd(tm.Second));
i2cWrite(dec2bcd(tm.Minute));
i2cWrite(dec2bcd(tm.Hour)); // sets 24 hour format (Bit 6 == 0)
i2cWrite( (day & 0xF8) + tm.Wday );
i2cWrite(dec2bcd(tm.Day));
i2cWrite(dec2bcd(tm.Month));
i2cEndTransmission();
}
// Enable or disable an alarm, and set the trigger criteria,
// e.g. match only seconds, only minutes, entire time and date, etc.
void MCP79412RTC::enableAlarm(uint8_t alarmNumber, uint8_t alarmType)
{
uint8_t day; // alarm day register has config & flag bits
uint8_t ctrl; // control register has alarm enable bits
alarmNumber &= 0x01; // ensure a valid alarm number
ramRead(CTRL_REG, &ctrl, 1);
if (alarmType < ALM_DISABLE) {
ramRead(ALM0_DAY + alarmNumber * (ALM1_REG - ALM0_REG), &day, 1);
day = ( day & 0x87 ) | alarmType << 4; // reset interrupt flag, OR in the config bits
ramWrite(ALM0_DAY + alarmNumber * (ALM1_REG - ALM0_REG), &day, 1);
ctrl |= _BV(ALM0 + alarmNumber); // enable the alarm
}
else {
ctrl &= ~(_BV(ALM0 + alarmNumber)); // disable the alarm
}
ramWrite(CTRL_REG, &ctrl, 1);
}
// Returns true or false depending on whether the given alarm has been
// triggered, and resets the alarm "interrupt" flag. This is not a real
// interrupt, just a bit that's set when an alarm is triggered.
bool MCP79412RTC::alarm(uint8_t alarmNumber)
{
uint8_t day; // alarm day register has config & flag bits
alarmNumber &= 0x01; // ensure a valid alarm number
ramRead( ALM0_DAY + alarmNumber * (ALM1_REG - ALM0_REG), &day, 1);
if (day & _BV(ALMIF)) {
day &= ~_BV(ALMIF); // turn off the alarm "interrupt" flag
ramWrite( ALM0_DAY + alarmNumber * (ALM1_REG - ALM0_REG), &day, 1);
return true;
}
else
return false;
}
// Sets the logic level on the MFP when it's not being used as a
// square wave or alarm output. The default is HIGH.
void MCP79412RTC::out(bool level)
{
uint8_t ctrlReg;
ramRead(CTRL_REG, &ctrlReg, 1);
if (level)
ctrlReg |= _BV(OUT);
else
ctrlReg &= ~_BV(OUT);
ramWrite(CTRL_REG, &ctrlReg, 1);
}
// Specifies the logic level on the Multi-Function Pin (MFP) when an
// alarm is triggered. The default is LOW. When both alarms are
// active, the two are ORed together to determine the level of the MFP.
// With alarm polarity set to LOW (the default), this causes the MFP
// to go low only when BOTH alarms are triggered. With alarm polarity
// set to HIGH, the MFP will go high when EITHER alarm is triggered.
//
// Note that the state of the MFP is independent of the alarm
// "interrupt" flags, and the alarm() function will indicate when an
// alarm is triggered regardless of the polarity.
void MCP79412RTC::alarmPolarity(bool polarity)
{
uint8_t alm0Day;
ramRead(ALM0_DAY, &alm0Day, 1);
if (polarity)
alm0Day |= _BV(OUT);
else
alm0Day &= ~_BV(OUT);
ramWrite(ALM0_DAY, &alm0Day, 1);
}
// Check to see if the RTC's oscillator is started (ST bit in seconds
// register). Returns true if started.
bool MCP79412RTC::isRunning()
{
i2cBeginTransmission(RTC_ADDR);
i2cWrite((uint8_t)TIME_REG);
i2cEndTransmission();
// request just the seconds register
i2cRequestFrom(RTC_ADDR, 1);
return i2cRead() & _BV(ST);
}
// Set or clear the VBATEN bit. Setting the bit powers the clock and
// SRAM from the backup battery when Vcc falls. Note that setting the
// time via set() or write() sets the VBATEN bit.
void MCP79412RTC::vbaten(bool enable)
{
uint8_t day;
ramRead(DAY_REG, &day, 1);
if (enable)
day |= _BV(VBATEN);
else
day &= ~_BV(VBATEN);
ramWrite(DAY_REG, &day, 1);
return;
}
// Decimal-to-BCD conversion
uint8_t MCP79412RTC::dec2bcd(uint8_t n)
{
return n + 6 * (n / 10);
}
// BCD-to-Decimal conversion
uint8_t __attribute__ ((noinline)) MCP79412RTC::bcd2dec(uint8_t n)
{
return n - 6 * (n >> 4);
}
MCP79412RTC RTC;
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