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#include <numeric>
#include <algorithm>
#include <stdexcept>
#include <memory>
#include <cassert>
#include "random.hh"
#include "relmodel.hh"
#include "grammar.hh"
#include "schema.hh"
#include "impedance.hh"
#include "expr.hh"
using namespace std;
using impedance::matched;
shared_ptr<value_expr> value_expr::factory(prod *p, sqltype *type_constraint, bool can_return_set)
    // ERROR:  aggregate window functions not yet supported
    //if (1 == d20() && p->level < d6() && window_function::allowed(p))
    //  return make_shared<window_function>(p, type_constraint);
    if (1 == d42() && p->level < d6() && type_constraint && type_constraint->name.rfind("list", 0) != 0 && type_constraint->name.rfind("map", 0) != 0 && type_constraint->name.rfind("record", 0) != 0 && type_constraint->name.rfind("any", 0) != 0)
      return make_shared<coalesce>(p, type_constraint);
    else if (1 == d42() && p->level < d6() && type_constraint && type_constraint->name.rfind("list", 0) != 0 && type_constraint->name.rfind("map", 0) != 0 && type_constraint->name.rfind("record", 0) != 0 && type_constraint->name.rfind("any", 0) != 0)
      return make_shared<nullif>(p, type_constraint);
    else if (p->level < d6() && d6() < 3)
      return make_shared<funcall>(p, type_constraint, can_return_set);
    else if (p->level < d6() && d6() == 6)
      return make_shared<opcall>(p, type_constraint);
    else if (d12()==1)
      return make_shared<atomic_subselect>(p, type_constraint);
    else if (p->level< d6() && d9()==1)
      return make_shared<case_expr>(p, type_constraint);
    else if (p->scope->refs.size() && d20() > 1)
      return make_shared<column_reference>(p, type_constraint);
      return make_shared<const_expr>(p, type_constraint);
  } catch (runtime_error &e) {
  p->retry();
  return factory(p, type_constraint, can_return_set);
case_expr::case_expr(prod *p, sqltype *type_constraint)
  : value_expr(p)
  condition = bool_expr::factory(this);
  true_expr = value_expr::factory(this, type_constraint, false);
  false_expr = value_expr::factory(this, true_expr->type, false);
  if(false_expr->type != true_expr->type) {
       /* Types are consistent but not identical.  Try to find a more
	  concrete one for a better match. */
       if (true_expr->type->consistent(false_expr->type))
	    true_expr = value_expr::factory(this, false_expr->type, false);
       else 
	    false_expr = value_expr::factory(this, true_expr->type, false);
  type = true_expr->type;
void case_expr::out(std::ostream &out)
  out << "case when " << *condition;
  out << " then " << *true_expr;
  out << " else " << *true_expr;
  out << " end";
  indent(out);
void case_expr::accept(prod_visitor *v)
  v->visit(this);
  condition->accept(v);
  true_expr->accept(v);
  false_expr->accept(v);
column_reference::column_reference(prod *p, sqltype *type_constraint) : value_expr(p)
  if (type_constraint) {
    auto pairs = scope->refs_of_type(type_constraint);
    auto picked = random_pick(pairs);
    reference += picked.first->ident()
      + "." + scope->schema->quote_name(picked.second.name);
    type = picked.second.type;
    assert(type_constraint->consistent(type));
    named_relation *r = random_pick(scope->refs);
    reference += r->ident() + ".";
    column &c = random_pick(r->columns());
    type = c.type;
    reference += scope->schema->quote_name(c.name);
shared_ptr<bool_expr> bool_expr::factory(prod *p)
       if (p->level > d100())
	    return make_shared<truth_value>(p);
       if(d6() < 4)
	    return make_shared<comparison_op>(p);
       else if (d6() < 4)
	    return make_shared<bool_term>(p);
       else if (d6() < 4)
	    return make_shared<null_predicate>(p);
       else if (d6() < 4 && g_joins > 0) {
	    g_joins--;
	    return make_shared<exists_predicate>(p);
       } else
	    return make_shared<truth_value>(p);
//     return make_shared<distinct_pred>(q);
  } catch (runtime_error &e) {
  p->retry();
  return factory(p);
exists_predicate::exists_predicate(prod *p) : bool_expr(p)
  subquery = make_shared<query_spec>(this, scope);
void exists_predicate::accept(prod_visitor *v)
  v->visit(this);
  subquery->accept(v);
void exists_predicate::out(std::ostream &out)
  out << "EXISTS (";
  indent(out);
  out << *subquery << ")";
distinct_pred::distinct_pred(prod *p) : bool_binop(p)
  lhs = make_shared<column_reference>(this);
  rhs = make_shared<column_reference>(this, lhs->type);
comparison_op::comparison_op(prod *p) : bool_binop(p)
  auto &idx = p->scope->schema->operators_returning_type;
  auto iters = idx.equal_range(scope->schema->booltype);
  oper = random_pick(random_pick(iters)->second);
  lhs = value_expr::factory(this, oper->left, false);
  rhs = value_expr::factory(this, oper->right, false);
  if (oper->left == oper->right
	 && lhs->type != rhs->type) {
    if (lhs->type->consistent(rhs->type))
      lhs = value_expr::factory(this, rhs->type, false);
      rhs = value_expr::factory(this, lhs->type, false);
coalesce::coalesce(prod *p, sqltype *type_constraint, const char *abbrev)
     : value_expr(p), abbrev_(abbrev)
  auto first_expr = value_expr::factory(this, type_constraint, false);
  auto second_expr = value_expr::factory(this, first_expr->type, false);
  retry_limit = 20;
  while(first_expr->type != second_expr->type) {
    retry();
    if (first_expr->type->consistent(second_expr->type))
      first_expr = value_expr::factory(this, second_expr->type, false);
      second_expr = value_expr::factory(this, first_expr->type, false);
  type = second_expr->type;
  value_exprs.push_back(first_expr);
  value_exprs.push_back(second_expr);
void coalesce::out(std::ostream &out)
  out << "cast(" << abbrev_ << "(";
  for (auto expr = value_exprs.begin(); expr != value_exprs.end(); expr++) {
    out << **expr;
    if (expr+1 != value_exprs.end())
      out << ",", indent(out);
  out << ")";
  out << " as " << type->name << ")";
const_expr::const_expr(prod *p, sqltype *type_constraint)
    : value_expr(p), expr("")
  type = type_constraint ? type_constraint : scope->schema->inttype;
  if (type == scope->schema->inttype)
    expr = to_string(d100());
  else if (type == scope->schema->booltype)
    expr += (d6() > 3) ? scope->schema->true_literal : scope->schema->false_literal;
  // Error: ERROR:  column "default" does not exist
  //else if (dynamic_cast<insert_stmt*>(p) && (d6() > 3))
  //  expr += "default";
  // https://github.com/MaterializeInc/materialize/issues/17870
  else if (type->name == "any")
    expr = "null";
  else if (type->name == "anycompatible")
    expr = "null";
  else if (type->name == "anyarray")
    expr = "array[null, null]";
  else if (type->name == "anycompatiblearray")
    expr = "array[null, null]";
  else if (type->name == "list")
    expr = "list[null, null]";
  else if (type->name == "anycompatiblelist")
    expr = "list[null, null]";
  else if (type->name == "anyrange")
    expr = "numrange(0,0)";
  else if (type->name == "anycompatiblerange")
    expr = "numrange(0,0)";
  else if (type->name == "record")
    expr = "row(1)";
  else if (type->name == "map")
    expr = "'{}'::map[text=>text]";
  else if (type->name == "anycompatiblemap")
    expr = "'{}'::map[text=>text]";
  else if (type->name == "text[]")
    expr = "array['a', 'b', null, '']::text[]";
  else if (type->name == "smallint[]")
    expr = "array[1, 2, 3, null]::smallint[]";
  else if (type->name == "integer[]")
    expr = "array[1, 2, 3, null]::integer[]";
  else if (type->name == "jsonb")
    if (d6() == 1)
      expr = "'{}'::jsonb";
    else if (d6() == 1)
      expr = "'[]'::jsonb";
    else if (d6() == 1)
      expr = "'\"foo\"'::jsonb";
    else if (d6() == 1)
      expr = "'null'::jsonb";
      expr = "'{\"1\":2,\"3\":4}'::jsonb";
  else if (type->name == "bytea")
    if (d6() == 1)
      expr = "cast('\\000' as bytea)";
    else if (d6() == 1)
      expr = "cast('\\xFFFFFF' as bytea)";
      expr = "cast('\\xDEADBEEF' as bytea)";
  else if (type->name == "uuid")
    if (d6() == 1)
      expr = "UUID '00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000'";
    else if (d6() == 1)
      expr = "UUID 'ffffffff-ffff-ffff-ffff-ffffffffffff'";
      expr = "UUID 'a0eebc99-9c0b-4ef8-bb6d-6bb9bd380a11'";
  else if (type->name == "date")
    if (d6() == 1)
      expr = "(DATE '1-11-25' - INTERVAL '4713 YEARS')";
    else if (d6() == 1)
      expr = "(DATE '62143-12-31' + INTERVAL '200000 YEARS')";
      expr = "DATE '2007-02-01'";
  else if (type->name == "time")
    if (d6() == 1)
      expr = "TIME '00:00:00'";
    else if (d6() == 1)
      expr = "TIME '23:59:60'";
      expr = "TIME '01:23:45'";
  else if (type->name == "timestamp")
    if (d6() == 1)
      expr = "(TIMESTAMP '0001-01-01 00:00:00' - INTERVAL '4714 YEARS')";
    else if (d6() == 1)
      expr = "(TIMESTAMP '95143-12-31 23:59:59' + INTERVAL '167 MILLENNIUM')";
      expr = "TIMESTAMP '2023-01-01 01:23:45'";
  else if (type->name == "timestamptz")
    if (d6() == 1)
      expr = "(TIMESTAMPTZ '0001-01-01 00:00:00+06' - INTERVAL '4714 YEARS')";
    else if (d6() == 1)
      expr = "(TIMESTAMPTZ '95143-12-31 23:59:59+06' + INTERVAL '167 MILLENNIUM')";
      expr = "TIMESTAMPTZ '2023-01-01 01:23:45+06'";
  else if (type->name == "interval")
    if (d6() == 1)
      expr = "INTERVAL '2147483647 MONTHS'";
    else if (d6() == 1)
      expr = "INTERVAL '-2147483648 MONTHS'";
      expr = "INTERVAL '1' MINUTE";
    if (d6() == 1) {
      if (type->name == "int2")
        expr = "-32768";
      else if (type->name == "int4")
        expr = "-2147483648";
      else if (type->name == "int8")
        expr = "-9223372036854775808";
      else if (type->name == "uint2")
        expr = "0";
      else if (type->name == "uint4")
        expr = "0";
      else if (type->name == "uint8")
        expr = "0";
      else if (type->name == "float4")
        expr = "1E-37";
      else if (type->name == "float8")
        expr = "1E-307";
        expr = "cast(0 as " + type->name + ")";
    } else if (d6() == 1) {
      if (type->name == "int2")
        expr = "32767";
      else if (type->name == "int4")
        expr = "2147483647";
      else if (type->name == "int8")
        expr = "9223372036854775807";
      else if (type->name == "uint2")
        expr = "65535";
      else if (type->name == "uint4")
        expr = "4294967295";
      else if (type->name == "uint8")
        expr = "18446744073709551615";
      else if (type->name == "float4")
        expr = "1E+37";
      else if (type->name == "float8")
        expr = "1E+307";
        expr = "cast(1 as " + type->name + ")";
    } else {
      expr = "cast(null as " + type->name + ")";
funcall::funcall(prod *p, sqltype *type_constraint, bool can_return_set, bool agg)
  : value_expr(p), is_aggregate(agg)
  //if (type_constraint == scope->schema->internaltype)
  //  fail("cannot call functions involving internal type");
  // TODO: pick can_return_set here
  auto &idx = agg ? p->scope->schema->aggregates_returning_type
    : !can_return_set ?
      (4 < d6()) ? p->scope->schema->routines_returning_type_without_returns_set
      : p->scope->schema->parameterless_routines_returning_type_without_returns_set
    : (4 < d6()) ?
    p->scope->schema->routines_returning_type
    : p->scope->schema->parameterless_routines_returning_type;
  if (!type_constraint) {
    proc = random_pick(random_pick(idx.begin(), idx.end())->second);
    auto iters = idx.equal_range(type_constraint);
    proc = random_pick(random_pick(iters)->second);
    if (proc && !type_constraint->consistent(proc->restype)) {
      retry();
      goto retry;
  if (!proc) {
    retry();
    goto retry;
  if (type_constraint)
    type = type_constraint;
    type = proc->restype;
  //if (type == scope->schema->internaltype) {
  //  retry();
  //  goto retry;
  //for (auto type : proc->argtypes)
  //  if (type == scope->schema->internaltype
  //      || type == scope->schema->arraytype) {
  //    retry();
  //    goto retry;
  for (auto argtype : proc->argtypes) {
    assert(argtype);
    auto expr = value_expr::factory(this, argtype, false);
    parms.push_back(expr);
void funcall::out(std::ostream &out)
  out << proc->ident() << "(";
  for (auto expr = parms.begin(); expr != parms.end(); expr++) {
    indent(out);
    // https://github.com/MaterializeInc/materialize/issues/17870
    if ((*expr)->type->name.rfind("list", 0) != 0 && (*expr)->type->name.rfind("map", 0) != 0 && (*expr)->type->name.rfind("record", 0) != 0 && (*expr)->type->name.rfind("any", 0) != 0)
      out << "CAST(" << **expr << " as " << (*expr)->type->name << ")";
      out << **expr;
    if (expr+1 != parms.end())
      out << ",";
  if (is_aggregate && (parms.begin() == parms.end()))
    out << "*";
  out << ")";
opcall::opcall(prod *p, sqltype *type_constraint)
  : value_expr(p)
  auto &idx = p->scope->schema->operators_returning_type;
  if (!type_constraint) {
    oper = random_pick(random_pick(idx.begin(), idx.end())->second);
    auto iters = idx.equal_range(type_constraint);
    oper = random_pick(random_pick(iters)->second);
  if (type_constraint)
    type = type_constraint;
    type = oper->result;
  rhs = value_expr::factory(this, oper->right, false);
  if (oper->left) {
    lhs = value_expr::factory(this, oper->left, false);
  assert(oper->right);
  assert(oper->result);
atomic_subselect::atomic_subselect(prod *p, sqltype *type_constraint)
  : value_expr(p), offset((d6() == 6) ? d100() : d6())
  if (d6() < 3) {
    if (type_constraint) {
      auto idx = scope->schema->aggregates_returning_type;
      auto iters = idx.equal_range(type_constraint);
      agg = random_pick(random_pick(iters)->second);
    } else {
      agg = &random_pick<>(scope->schema->aggregates);
    if (agg->argtypes.size() != 1)
      agg = 0;
      type_constraint = agg->argtypes[0];
    agg = 0;
  if (type_constraint) {
    auto idx = scope->schema->tables_with_columns_of_type;
    col = 0;
    auto iters = idx.equal_range(type_constraint);
    tab = random_pick(random_pick(iters)->second);
    for (auto &cand : tab->columns()) {
      if (type_constraint->consistent(cand.type)) {
	col = &cand;
    assert(col);
    tab = &random_pick<>(scope->schema->tables);
    col = &random_pick<>(tab->columns());
  type = agg ? agg->restype : col->type;
void atomic_subselect::out(std::ostream &out)
  out << "(select ";
    out << agg->ident() << "(" << scope->schema->quote_name(col->name) << ")";
    out << scope->schema->quote_name(col->name);
  out << " from " << tab->ident();
  if (!agg)
    out << " limit 1 offset " << offset;
  out << ")";
  indent(out);
void window_function::out(std::ostream &out)
  indent(out);
  out << *aggregate << " over (partition by ";
  for (auto ref = partition_by.begin(); ref != partition_by.end(); ref++) {
    out << **ref;
    if (ref+1 != partition_by.end())
      out << ",";
  out << " order by ";
  for (auto ref = order_by.begin(); ref != order_by.end(); ref++) {
    out << **ref;
    if (ref+1 != order_by.end())
      out << ",";
  out << ")";
window_function::window_function(prod *p, sqltype *type_constraint)
  : value_expr(p)
  aggregate = make_shared<funcall>(this, type_constraint, true);
  type = aggregate->type;
  partition_by.push_back(make_shared<column_reference>(this));
  while(d6() > 4)
    partition_by.push_back(make_shared<column_reference>(this));
  order_by.push_back(make_shared<column_reference>(this));
  while(d6() > 4)
    order_by.push_back(make_shared<column_reference>(this));
bool window_function::allowed(prod *p)
  if (dynamic_cast<select_list *>(p))
    return dynamic_cast<query_spec *>(p->pprod) ? true : false;
  if (dynamic_cast<window_function *>(p))
    return false;
  if (dynamic_cast<value_expr *>(p))
    return allowed(p->pprod);
  return false;
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