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def bin_to_decimal(bin_string: str) -> int:

"""

Convert a binary value to its decimal equivalent

>>> bin_to_decimal("101")

>>> bin_to_decimal(" 1010 ")

>>> bin_to_decimal("-11101")

-29

>>> bin_to_decimal("0")

>>> bin_to_decimal("a")

Traceback (most recent call last):

...

ValueError: Non-binary value was passed to the function

>>> bin_to_decimal("")

Traceback (most recent call last):

...

ValueError: Empty string was passed to the function

>>> bin_to_decimal("39")

Traceback (most recent call last):

...

ValueError: Non-binary value was passed to the function

"""

bin_string = str(bin_string).strip()

if not bin_string:

raise ValueError("Empty string was passed to the function")

is_negative = bin_string[0] == "-"

if is_negative:

bin_string = bin_string[1:]

if not all(char in "01" for char in bin_string):

raise ValueError("Non-binary value was passed to the function")

decimal_number = 0

for char in bin_string:

decimal_number = 2 * decimal_number + int(char)

return -decimal_number if is_negative else decimal_number

if __name__ == "__main__":

from doctest import testmod

testmod()

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