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# An example of embedding CEF browser in wxPython on Linux.
import ctypes, os, sys
libcef_so = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)), 'libcef.so')
if os.path.exists(libcef_so):
# Import local module
ctypes.CDLL(libcef_so, ctypes.RTLD_GLOBAL)
if 0x02070000 <= sys.hexversion < 0x03000000:
import cefpython_py27 as cefpython
else:
raise Exception("Unsupported python version: %s" % sys.version)
else:
# Import from package
from cefpython1 import cefpython
import wx
import time
import re
import uuid
# Which method to use for message loop processing.
# EVT_IDLE - wx application has priority (default)
# EVT_TIMER - cef browser has priority
# It seems that Flash content behaves better when using a timer.
# IMPORTANT! On Linux EVT_IDLE does not work, the events seems to
# be propagated only when you move your mouse, which is not the
# expected behavior, it is recommended to use EVT_TIMER on Linux,
# so set this value to False.
USE_EVT_IDLE = False
def GetApplicationPath(file=None):
import re, os, platform
# If file is None return current directory without trailing slash.
if file is None:
file = ""
# Only when relative path.
if not file.startswith("/") and not file.startswith("\\") and (
not re.search(r"^[\w-]+:", file)):
if hasattr(sys, "frozen"):
path = os.path.dirname(sys.executable)
elif "__file__" in globals():
path = os.path.dirname(os.path.realpath(__file__))
else:
path = os.getcwd()
path = path + os.sep + file
if platform.system() == "Windows":
path = re.sub(r"[/\\]+", re.escape(os.sep), path)
path = re.sub(r"[/\\]+$", "", path)
return path
return str(file)
def ExceptHook(excType, excValue, traceObject):
import traceback, os, time, codecs
# This hook does the following: in case of exception write it to
# the "error.log" file, display it to the console, shutdown CEF
# and exit application immediately by ignoring "finally" (_exit()).
errorMsg = "\n".join(traceback.format_exception(excType, excValue,
traceObject))
errorFile = GetApplicationPath("error.log")
try:
appEncoding = cefpython.g_applicationSettings["string_encoding"]
except:
appEncoding = "utf-8"
if type(errorMsg) == bytes:
errorMsg = errorMsg.decode(encoding=appEncoding, errors="replace")
try:
with codecs.open(errorFile, mode="a", encoding=appEncoding) as fp:
fp.write("\n[%s] %s\n" % (
time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"), errorMsg))
except:
print("cefpython: WARNING: failed writing to error file: %s" % (
errorFile))
# Convert error message to ascii before printing, otherwise
# you may get error like this:
# | UnicodeEncodeError: 'charmap' codec can't encode characters
errorMsg = errorMsg.encode("ascii", errors="replace")
errorMsg = errorMsg.decode("ascii", errors="replace")
print("\n"+errorMsg+"\n")
cefpython.QuitMessageLoop()
cefpython.Shutdown()
os._exit(1)
class MainFrame(wx.Frame):
browser = None
idleCount = 0
mainPanel = None
def __init__(self):
wx.Frame.__init__(self, parent=None, id=wx.ID_ANY,
title='wxPython example', size=(800,600))
self.CreateMenu()
# Cannot attach browser to the main frame as this will cause
# the menu not to work.
self.mainPanel = wx.Panel(self)
windowInfo = cefpython.WindowInfo()
windowInfo.SetAsChild(self.mainPanel.GetGtkWidget())
# Linux requires adding "file://" for local files,
# otherwise /home/some will be replaced as http://home/some
self.browser = cefpython.CreateBrowserSync(
windowInfo,
# Flash will crash app in CEF 1 on Linux, setting
# plugins_disabled to True.
browserSettings={"plugins_disabled": True},
navigateUrl="file://"+GetApplicationPath("wxpython.html"))
self.browser.SetClientHandler(ClientHandler())
jsBindings = cefpython.JavascriptBindings(
bindToFrames=False, bindToPopups=False)
jsBindings.SetObject("external", JavascriptBindings(self.browser))
self.browser.SetJavascriptBindings(jsBindings)
self.Bind(wx.EVT_CLOSE, self.OnClose)
if USE_EVT_IDLE:
# Bind EVT_IDLE only for the main application frame.
self.Bind(wx.EVT_IDLE, self.OnIdle)
def CreateMenu(self):
filemenu = wx.Menu()
filemenu.Append(1, "Open")
exit = filemenu.Append(2, "Exit")
self.Bind(wx.EVT_MENU, self.OnClose, exit)
aboutmenu = wx.Menu()
aboutmenu.Append(1, "CEF Python")
menubar = wx.MenuBar()
menubar.Append(filemenu,"&File")
menubar.Append(aboutmenu, "&About")
self.SetMenuBar(menubar)
def OnClose(self, event):
self.browser.CloseBrowser()
self.Destroy()
def OnIdle(self, event):
# self.idleCount += 1
# print("wxpython.py: OnIdle() %d" % self.idleCount)
cefpython.MessageLoopWork()
class JavascriptBindings:
mainBrowser = None
webRequest = None
webRequestId = 0
cookieVisitor = None
def __init__(self, mainBrowser):
self.mainBrowser = mainBrowser
def WebRequest(self, url):
request = cefpython.Request.CreateRequest()
request.SetUrl(url)
webRequestClient = WebRequestClient()
# Must keep the reference otherwise WebRequestClient
# callbacks won't be called.
self.webRequest = cefpython.WebRequest.CreateWebRequest(request,
webRequestClient)
def DoCallFunction(self):
self.mainBrowser.GetMainFrame().CallFunction(
"MyFunction", "abc", 12, [1,2,3], {"qwe": 456, "rty": 789})
def VisitAllCookies(self):
# Need to keep the reference alive.
self.cookieVisitor = CookieVisitor()
cookieManager = self.mainBrowser.GetUserData("cookieManager")
if not cookieManager:
print("\nCookie manager not yet created! Visit http website first")
return
cookieManager.VisitAllCookies(self.cookieVisitor)
def VisitUrlCookies(self):
# Need to keep the reference alive.
self.cookieVisitor = CookieVisitor()
cookieManager = self.mainBrowser.GetUserData("cookieManager")
if not cookieManager:
print("\nCookie manager not yet created! Visit http website first")
return
cookieManager.VisitUrlCookies(
"http://www.html-kit.com/tools/cookietester/",
False, self.cookieVisitor)
# .www.html-kit.com
def SetCookie(self):
cookieManager = self.mainBrowser.GetUserData("cookieManager")
if not cookieManager:
print("\nCookie manager not yet created! Visit http website first")
return
cookie = cefpython.Cookie()
cookie.SetName("Created_Via_Python")
cookie.SetValue("yeah really")
cookieManager.SetCookie("http://www.html-kit.com/tools/cookietester/",
cookie)
print("\nCookie created! Visit html-kit cookietester to see it")
def DeleteCookies(self):
cookieManager = self.mainBrowser.GetUserData("cookieManager")
if not cookieManager:
print("\nCookie manager not yet created! Visit http website first")
return
cookieManager.DeleteCookies(
"http://www.html-kit.com/tools/cookietester/",
"Created_Via_Python")
print("\nCookie deleted! Visit html-kit cookietester to see the result")
class CookieVisitor:
def Visit(self, cookie, count, total, deleteCookie):
if count == 0:
print("\nCookieVisitor.Visit(): total cookies: %s" % total)
print("\nCookieVisitor.Visit(): cookie:")
print(cookie.Get())
# True to continue visiting cookies
return True
class WebRequestClient:
def OnStateChange(self, webRequest, state):
stateName = "unknown"
for key, value in cefpython.WebRequest.State.iteritems():
if value == state:
stateName = key
print("\nWebRequestClient::OnStateChange(): state = %s" % stateName)
def OnRedirect(self, webRequest, request, response):
print("\nWebRequestClient::OnRedirect(): url = %s" % (
request.GetUrl()[:80]))
def OnHeadersReceived(self, webRequest, response):
print("\nWebRequestClient::OnHeadersReceived(): headers = %s" % (
response.GetHeaderMap()))
def OnProgress(self, webRequest, bytesSent, totalBytesToBeSent):
print("\nWebRequestClient::OnProgress(): bytesSent = %s, "
"totalBytesToBeSent = %s" % (bytesSent, totalBytesToBeSent))
def OnData(self, webRequest, data):
print("\nWebRequestClient::OnData(): data:")
print("-" * 60)
print(data)
print("-" * 60)
def OnError(self, webRequest, errorCode):
print("\nWebRequestClient::OnError(): errorCode = %s" % errorCode)
class ContentFilterHandler:
def OnData(self, data, substitute_data):
if data == "body { color: red; }":
substitute_data.SetData("body { color: green; }")
def OnDrain(self, remainder):
remainder.SetData("body h3 { color: orange; }")
class ClientHandler:
# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
# RequestHandler
# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
contentFilter = None
def OnBeforeBrowse(self, browser, frame, request, navType, isRedirect):
# - frame.GetUrl() returns current url
# - request.GetUrl() returns new url
# - Return true to cancel the navigation or false to allow
# the navigation to proceed.
# - Modifying headers or post data can be done only in
# OnBeforeResourceLoad()
print("\nOnBeforeBrowse(): request.GetUrl() = %s, "
"request.GetHeaderMap(): %s" % (
request.GetUrl()[:80], request.GetHeaderMap()))
if request.GetMethod() == "POST":
print("\nOnBeforeBrowse(): POST data: %s" % (
request.GetPostData()))
def OnBeforeResourceLoad(self, browser, request, redirectUrl,
streamReader, response, loadFlags):
print("\nOnBeforeResourceLoad(): request.GetUrl() = %s" % (
request.GetUrl()[:80]))
if request.GetMethod() == "POST":
if request.GetUrl().startswith(
"https://accounts.google.com/ServiceLogin"):
postData = request.GetPostData()
postData["Email"] = "--changed via python"
request.SetPostData(postData)
print("\nOnBeforeResourceLoad(): modified POST data: %s" % (
request.GetPostData()))
if request.GetUrl().endswith("replace-on-the-fly.css"):
print("\nOnBeforeResourceLoad(): replacing css on the fly")
response.SetStatus(200)
response.SetStatusText("OK")
response.SetMimeType("text/css")
streamReader.SetData("body { color: red; }")
def OnResourceRedirect(self, browser, oldUrl, newUrl):
print("\nOnResourceRedirect(): oldUrl: %s, newUrl: %s" % (
oldUrl, newUrl[0]))
def OnResourceResponse(self, browser, url, response, contentFilter):
print("\nOnResourceResponse(): url = %s, headers = %s" % (
url[:80], response.GetHeaderMap()))
if url.endswith("content-filter/replace-on-the-fly.css"):
print("\nOnResourceResponse(): setting contentFilter handler")
contentFilter.SetHandler(ContentFilterHandler())
# Must keep the reference to contentFilter otherwise
# ContentFilterHandler callbacks won't be called.
self.contentFilter = contentFilter
def GetCookieManager(self, browser, mainUrl):
# Create unique cookie manager for each browser.
cookieManager = browser.GetUserData("cookieManager")
if cookieManager:
return cookieManager
else:
cookieManager = cefpython.CookieManager.CreateManager("")
browser.SetUserData("cookieManager", cookieManager)
return cookieManager
# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
# DragHandler
# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
def OnDragStart(self, browser, dragData, mask):
maskNames = ""
for key, value in cefpython.Drag.Operation.iteritems():
if value and (value & mask) == value:
maskNames += " "+key
print("\nOnDragStart(): mask=%s" % maskNames)
print(" IsLink(): %s" % dragData.IsLink())
print(" IsFragment(): %s" % dragData.IsFragment())
print(" IsFile(): %s" % dragData.IsFile())
print(" GetLinkUrl(): %s" % dragData.GetLinkUrl())
print(" GetLinkTitle(): %s" % dragData.GetLinkTitle())
print(" GetLinkMetadata(): %s" % dragData.GetLinkMetadata())
print(" GetFragmentText(): %s" % dragData.GetFragmentText())
print(" GetFragmentHtml(): %s" % dragData.GetFragmentHtml())
print(" GetFragmentBaseUrl(): %s" % dragData.GetFragmentBaseUrl())
print(" GetFile(): %s" % dragData.GetFile())
print(" GetFiles(): %s" % dragData.GetFiles())
# Returning True on Linux causes segmentation fault,
# reported the bug here:
# http://www.magpcss.org/ceforum/viewtopic.php?f=6&t=10693
# Not being able to cancel a drag event is a problem
# only when a link or a folder is dragged, as this will
# cause loading the link or the folder in the browser window.
# When dragging text/html or a file it is not a problem, as
# it does not lead to browser navigating.
return False
def OnDragEnter(self, browser, dragData, mask):
maskNames = ""
for key, value in cefpython.Drag.Operation.iteritems():
if value and (value & mask) == value:
maskNames += " "+key
print("\nOnDragEnter(): mask=%s" % maskNames)
print(" IsLink(): %s" % dragData.IsLink())
print(" IsFragment(): %s" % dragData.IsFragment())
print(" IsFile(): %s" % dragData.IsFile())
print(" GetLinkUrl(): %s" % dragData.GetLinkUrl())
print(" GetLinkTitle(): %s" % dragData.GetLinkTitle())
print(" GetLinkMetadata(): %s" % dragData.GetLinkMetadata())
print(" GetFragmentText(): %s" % dragData.GetFragmentText())
print(" GetFragmentHtml(): %s" % dragData.GetFragmentHtml())
print(" GetFragmentBaseUrl(): %s" % dragData.GetFragmentBaseUrl())
print(" GetFile(): %s" % dragData.GetFile())
print(" GetFiles(): %s" % dragData.GetFiles())
# Returning True on Linux causes segmentation fault,
# reported the bug here:
# http://www.magpcss.org/ceforum/viewtopic.php?f=6&t=10693
# Not being able to cancel a drag event is a problem
# only when a link or a folder is dragged, as this will
# cause loading the link or the folder in the browser window.
# When dragging text/html or a file it is not a problem, as
# it does not lead to browser navigating.
return False
# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
# DownloadHandler
# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
downloadHandler = None
def GetDownloadHandler(self, browser, mimeType, filename, contentLength):
# Close the browser window if it is a popup with
# no other document contents.
if browser.IsPopup() and not browser.HasDocument():
browser.CloseBrowser()
# The reference to DownloadHandler must be kept alive
# while download proceeds.
if self.downloadHandler and self.downloadHandler.downloading:
print("\nDownload is already in progress")
return False
self.downloadHandler = DownloadHandler(mimeType, filename,
contentLength)
return self.downloadHandler
class DownloadHandler:
mimeType = ""
filename = ""
contentLength = -1 # -1 means that file size was not provided.
fp = None
downloadsDir = "./downloads"
alreadyDownloaded = 0
downloading = False
def __init__(self, mimeType, filename, contentLength):
self.downloading = True
if not os.path.exists(self.downloadsDir):
os.mkdir(self.downloadsDir)
filename = filename.strip()
if not len(filename):
filename = self.GetUniqueFilename()
filename = self.GetSafeFilename(filename)
print("\nDownloadHandler() created")
print("mimeType: %s" % mimeType)
print("filename: %s" % filename)
print("contentLength: %s" % contentLength)
# Append ".downloading" to the filename, in OnComplete()
# when download finishes get rid of this extension.
filename += ".downloading"
if os.path.exists(self.downloadsDir+"/"+filename):
# If the last download did not succeed, the
# "xxx.downloading" might still be there.
os.remove(self.downloadsDir+"/"+filename)
self.mimeType = mimeType
self.filename = filename
self.contentLength = contentLength
self.fp = open(self.downloadsDir+"/"+filename, "wb")
def GetSafeFilename(self, filename):
# TODO:
# - remove any unsafe characters (".." or "/" or "\" and
# others), the safest way is to have a regexp with a list
# safe characters. The dots ".." is a special case that
# needs to be treated separately.
if os.path.exists(self.downloadsDir+"/"+filename):
filename = self.GetUniqueFilename()[:4]+"_"+filename
assert not os.path.exists(self.downloadsDir+"/"+filename), (
"File aready exists")
return filename
def GetUniqueFilename(self):
# The filename may be empty, in that case generate
# an unique name.
# TODO:
# - guess the extension using the mimeType (but mimeType
# may also be empty), "text/css" => ".css".
return str(uuid.uuid4()).replace("-", "")[:16]
def OnData(self, data):
# TODO: display progress in percentage or/and KiB/MiB.
if self.alreadyDownloaded == 0:
sys.stdout.write("Download progress: ")
sys.stdout.write(".")
sys.stdout.flush()
self.alreadyDownloaded += len(data)
self.fp.write(data)
# time.sleep(1) # Let's make the progress a bit slower (if cached)
# Return True to continue receiving data, False to cancel.
return True
def OnComplete(self):
sys.stdout.write("\n")
sys.stdout.flush()
self.fp.close()
currentFile = self.downloadsDir+"/"+self.filename
newFilename = re.sub(".downloading$", "", self.filename)
os.rename(self.downloadsDir+"/"+self.filename,
self.downloadsDir+"/"+newFilename)
self.downloading = False
print("\nDownload complete!")
print("Total downloaded: %s" % self.PrettyBytes(
self.alreadyDownloaded))
print("See the 'downloads' directory.")
def PrettyBytes(self, bytes):
KiB = 1024
return "%.3g KiB" % (bytes / KiB)
class MyApp(wx.App):
timer = None
timerID = 1
timerCount = 0
def OnInit(self):
if not USE_EVT_IDLE:
self.CreateTimer()
frame = MainFrame()
self.SetTopWindow(frame)
frame.Show()
return True
def CreateTimer(self):
# See "Making a render loop":
# http://wiki.wxwidgets.org/Making_a_render_loop
# Another approach is to use EVT_IDLE in MainFrame,
# see which one fits you better.
self.timer = wx.Timer(self, self.timerID)
self.timer.Start(10) # 10ms
wx.EVT_TIMER(self, self.timerID, self.OnTimer)
def OnTimer(self, event):
self.timerCount += 1
# print("wxpython.py: OnTimer() %d" % self.timerCount)
cefpython.MessageLoopWork()
def OnExit(self):
# When app.MainLoop() returns, MessageLoopWork() should
# not be called anymore.
if not USE_EVT_IDLE:
self.timer.Stop()
if __name__ == '__main__':
sys.excepthook = ExceptHook
cefpython.g_debug = True
cefpython.g_debugFile = GetApplicationPath("debug.log")
settings = {
"log_severity": cefpython.LOGSEVERITY_INFO,
"log_file": GetApplicationPath("debug.log"),
"release_dcheck_enabled": True, # Enable only when debugging.
# This directories must be set on Linux
"locales_dir_path": cefpython.GetModuleDirectory()+"/locales",
"resources_dir_path": cefpython.GetModuleDirectory()
}
cefpython.Initialize(settings)
print('wx.version=%s' % wx.version())
app = MyApp(False)
app.MainLoop()
# Let wx.App destructor do the cleanup before calling cefpython.Shutdown().
del app
cefpython.Shutdown()
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