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Quantifying the Commons 2026Q3

Google Custom Search (GCS)

Overview

Google Custom Search (GCS) data uses the totalResults returned by API for search queries of the legal tool URLs (quoted and using linkSite for accuracy), countries codes, and language codes.

The results indicate there are approximately 29,136,617,887 online works in the commons--documents that are licensed or put in the public domain using a Creative Commons (CC) legal tool.

Thank you Google for providing the Programable Search Engine: Custom Search JSON API!

Products totals and percentages

The plot shows Creative Commons (CC) legal tool product totals and percentages.

The plot shows Creative Commons (CC) legal tool product totals and percentages.

CC legal tools status

The plot shows Creative Commons (CC) legal tool status totals and percentages.

The plot shows Creative Commons (CC) legal tool status totals and percentages.

Latest CC legal tools

The plot shows the latest Creative Commons (CC) legal tool totals and percentages.

The plot shows the latest Creative Commons (CC) legal tool totals and percentages.

The latest tools include Licenses version 4.0 (CC BY 4.0, CC BY-NC 4.0, CC BY-NC-ND 4.0, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0, CC-BY-ND 4.0, CC BY-SA 4.0), CC0 1.0, and the Public Domain Mark (PDM 1.0).

Prior CC legal tools

The plot shows prior Creative Commons (CC) legal tool totals and percentages. Prior CC licenses include versions 1.0, 2.0, 2.1, 2.5, and 3.0. The unit names have been normalized (CC BY-ND-NC => CC BY-NC-ND).

The plot shows prior Creative Commons (CC) legal tool totals and percentages. Prior CC licenses include versions 1.0, 2.0, 2.1, 2.5, and 3.0. The unit names have been normalized (CC BY-ND-NC => CC BY-NC-ND).

Retired CC legal tools

The plot shows retired Creative Commons (CC) legal tools total and percentages. For more information on retired legal tools, see Retired Legal Tools - Creative Commons.

The plot shows retired Creative Commons (CC) legal tools total and percentages. For more information on retired legal tools, see Retired Legal Tools - Creative Commons.

Countries with highest usage of latest tools

The plot shows countries with the highest usage of the latest Creative Commons (CC) legal tools.

The plot shows countries with the highest usage of the latest Creative Commons (CC) legal tools.

The latest tools include Licenses version 4.0 (CC BY 4.0, CC BY-NC 4.0, CC BY-NC-ND 4.0, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0, CC-BY-ND 4.0, CC BY-SA 4.0), CC0 1.0, and the Public Domain Mark (PDM 1.0).

The complete countries data set indicates there are a total of 2,342,298,650 online works using one of the latest CC legal tools. This conflicts with the languages data set, below.

Languages with highest usage of latest tools

The plot shows the languages with the highest usage of the latest Creative Commons (CC) legal tools.

The plot shows the languages with the highest usage of the latest Creative Commons (CC) legal tools.

The latest tools include Licenses version 4.0 (CC BY 4.0, CC BY-NC 4.0, CC BY-NC-ND 4.0, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0, CC-BY-ND 4.0, CC BY-SA 4.0), CC0 1.0, and the Public Domain Mark (PDM 1.0).

The complete languages data set indicates there are a total of 1,312,427,950 online works using one of the latest CC legal tools. This conflicts with the countries data set, above.

Approved for Free Cultural Works

The plot shows Approved for Free Cultural Works legal tool usage.

The plot shows Approved for Free Cultural Works legal tool usage.

Understanding Free Cultural Works - Creative Commons:

Using [the Freedom Defined definition of a "Free Cultural Work"], material licensed under CC BY or BY-SA is a free cultural work. (So is anything in the worldwide public domain marked with CC0 or the Public Domain Mark.) CC’s other licenses– BY-NC, BY-ND, BY-NC-SA, and BY-NC-ND–only allow more limited uses, and material under these licenses is not considered a free cultural work.

GitHub

Overview

The GitHub data, below, uses the total_count returned by the API for search queries of the various legal tools.

The results indicate that 526,550 (0.16%) of the 330,190,268 total public repositories on GitHub use a CC legal tool. Additionally, many more use a non-CC use a Public domain equivalent legal tools. The fetched GitHub data creates a a subtotal that showcases the different level of permission that works are released under.

The public-domain-equivalent licenses include 0BSD, CC0, MIT-0 and Unlicense. These licenses allow anyone to freely use, modify, and distribute the code without restriction. See more at Public-domain-equivalent license.

The CC BY 4.0 license is a permissive license that allows users to reuse the code with some conditions and attribution. See more at Permissive license.

The CC BY-SA 4.0 license is a copyleft license which requires any derivative works to be licensed under the same terms. See more at Copyleft.

Thank you GitHub for providing public API access to repository metadata!

Subtotal distribution by license

The plot shows the distribution of the different open content or public-domain-equivalent licenses (0BSD, CC BY 4.0, CC BY-SA 4.0, CC0 1.0, MIT-0, and Unlicense) used in the subtotal of GitHub repositories.

The plot shows the distribution of the different open content or public-domain-equivalent licenses (0BSD, CC BY 4.0, CC BY-SA 4.0, CC0 1.0, MIT-0, and Unlicense) used in the subtotal of GitHub repositories.

Subtotal distribution by restriction

The plot shows the distribution of the different restrictions (Copyleft, Permissive, Public domain) used in the subtotal of GitHub repositories.

The plot shows the distribution of the different restrictions (Copyleft, Permissive, Public domain) used in the subtotal of GitHub repositories.

Smithsonian

Overview

The Smithsonian Institute data returns the overall statistics of CC0 legal tool records. CC0 serves as the main legal tool used by the Smithsonian Institute.

The results indicate a total record of 37,696,871 objects, with a breakdown of 17,832,286 objects without CC0 Media and 5,263,363 objects with CC0 Media, taking a percentage of 11.08% in each institute member. There are 39 unique units in the data representing museums, libraries, zoos and other institutions with a minimum of 410 objects.

Totals by 10 Units

The plot shows totals by units. It shows the distribution of top 10 institute member across the Smithsonian Institute with an average of 2,766,177.8 objects across the top 10 Institute members.

The plot shows totals by units. It shows the distribution of top 10 institute member across the Smithsonian Institute with an average of 2,766,177.8 objects across the top 10 Institute members.

Totals by lowest 10 Units

The plot shows totals by units. It shows the distribution of lowest 10 institute member across Smithsonian Institute with an average of 10974.0 objects across the lowest 10 institute members.

The plot shows totals by units. It shows the distribution of lowest 10 institute member across Smithsonian Institute with an average of 10974.0 objects across the lowest 10 institute members.

Breakdown of CC0 records by top 10 units

The plot shows totals by CC0 records. It shows the top 10 units with a breakdown of CC0 records without media, CC0 records with media and records that are not associated with CC0.

The plot shows totals by CC0 records. It shows the top 10 units with a breakdown of CC0 records without media, CC0 records with media and records that are not associated with CC0.

Breakdown of CC0 records by lowest 10 units

The plot shows totals by CC0 records. It shows the lowest 10 units with a breakdown of CC0 records without media, CC0 records with  media and records that are not associated with CC0.

The plot shows totals by CC0 records. It shows the lowest 10 units with a breakdown of CC0 records without media, CC0 records with media and records that are not associated with CC0.

Wikipedia

Overview

This report provides insights into the usage of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International across the different language editions of Wikipedia. The Wikipedia data, below, uses the Count field from the Wikipedia API to quantify the number of articles in each language edition of Wikipedia.

The total number of Wikipedia articles across 355 languages is 67,849,046. The top 10 languages account for 31,973,891 articles, which is 47.13% of the total articles. The average number of articles per language is 191,124.07.

Thank you to the volunteers who curate this data and the Wikimedia Foundation for making it publicly available!

Language Representation

The plot shows the language representation across the different language editions of Wikipedia. It shows how many languages are underrepresented (below average number of articles) versus represented (above average number of articles).

The plot shows the language representation across the different language editions of Wikipedia. It shows how many languages are underrepresented (below average number of articles) versus represented (above average number of articles).

Most represented languages

The plot shows the most represented languages across the different language editions of Wikipedia.

The plot shows the most represented languages across the different language editions of Wikipedia.

Least represented languages

The plot shows the least represented languages across the different language editions of Wikipedia.

The plot shows the least represented languages across the different language editions of Wikipedia.

Notes

Data locations

This report was generated as part of:

creativecommons/quantifying: quantify the size and diversity of the commons--the collection of works that are openly licensed or in the public domain

The data used to generate this report is available in that repository at the following locations:

Resource Location
Fetched data: 1-fetch/
Processed data: 2-process/
Report data: 3-report/

Usage

The Creative Commons (CC) icons and logos are for use under the Creative Commons Trademark Policy (see Policies - Creative Commons). They aren't licensed under a Creative Commons license (also see Could I use a CC license to share my logo or trademark? - Frequently Asked Questions - Creative Commons).

CC0 1.0 Universal (CC0 1.0) Public Domain Dedicationbutton Otherwise, this report (including the plot images) is dedicated to the public domain under the CC0 1.0 Universal (CC0 1.0) Public Domain Dedication.