typecode = 'd'

def __init__(self, components):

self._components = array(self.typecode, components)

def __iter__(self):

return iter(self._components)

def __repr__(self):

components = reprlib.repr(self._components)

components = components[components.find('['):-1]

return f'Vector({components})'

def __str__(self):

return str(tuple(self))

def __bytes__(self):

return (bytes([ord(self.typecode)]) +

bytes(self._components))

def __eq__(self, other):

return (len(self) == len(other) and

all(a == b for a, b in zip(self, other)))

def __hash__(self):

hashes = (hash(x) for x in self)

return functools.reduce(operator.xor, hashes, 0)

def __abs__(self):

return math.hypot(*self)

def __bool__(self):

return bool(abs(self))

def __len__(self):

return len(self._components)

def __getitem__(self, key):

if isinstance(key, slice):

cls = type(self)

return cls(self._components[key])

index = operator.index(key)

return self._components[index]

__match_args__ = ('x', 'y', 'z', 't')

def __getattr__(self, name):

cls = type(self)

try:

pos = cls.__match_args__.index(name)

except ValueError:

pos = -1

if 0 <= pos < len(self._components):

return self._components[pos]

msg = f'{cls.__name__!r} object has no attribute {name!r}'

raise AttributeError(msg)

def angle(self, n): # <2>

r = math.hypot(*self[n:])

a = math.atan2(r, self[n-1])

if (n == len(self) - 1) and (self[-1] < 0):

return math.pi * 2 - a

else:

return a

def angles(self): # <3>

return (self.angle(n) for n in range(1, len(self)))

def __format__(self, fmt_spec=''):

if fmt_spec.endswith('h'): # hyperspherical coordinates

fmt_spec = fmt_spec[:-1]

coords = itertools.chain([abs(self)],

self.angles()) # <4>

outer_fmt = '<{}>' # <5>

else:

coords = self

outer_fmt = '({})' # <6>

components = (format(c, fmt_spec) for c in coords) # <7>

return outer_fmt.format(', '.join(components)) # <8>

@classmethod

def frombytes(cls, octets):

typecode = chr(octets[0])

memv = memoryview(octets[1:]).cast(typecode)