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2295 lines (1980 loc) · 51.5 KB
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2295 lines (1980 loc) · 51.5 KB
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/*
Unintrusive algorithms for C arrays
OR, a C implementation of <algorithm> from C++.
https://github.com/clibraries.
License: MIT (see bottom).
## Pitch
The C++ STL is one of the most complete and reusable algorithm libraries available.
This single header file brings 80% of that functionality to C99 in a non-intrusive way.
There are no new data structures. Just include the library and call functions on C arrays.
Features:
- Sets (intersection, union, subset, etc)
- Heaps (priority queues)
- Binary search (lower bound, upper bound, etc)
- Sorts (insertion sort, quick sort, merge/stable sort, heap sort, partial sort, etc)
- Partitioning (partition, unique, etc)
- Predicates (all of, any of, none of, etc)
- Uniform random sampling and shuffling
## Usage
This library uses the preprocessor to implement generic functions.
Each time you include the library, you will need to define the array element type and a function prefix:
#define ARRAY_ALG_TYPE int
#define ARRAY_ALG_PREFIX intv_
#include "array_alg.h"
The above will only generate the declarations.
In at least one C file, you will also need to generate implementations.
To generate implementations, define `ARRAY_ALG_IMPLEMENTATION` in a C file and include the library:
#define ARRAY_ALG_TYPE int
#define ARRAY_ALG_PREFIX intv_
#define ARRAY_ALG_IMPLEMENTATION
#include "array_alg.h"
Alternatively, add `#define ARRAY_ALG_STATIC` before the original declaration
to avoid the need for separate implementations.
Repeat this process for each array type you want to use.
## Examples
Remove duplicate entries:
#define ARRAY_ALG_TYPE int
#define ARRAY_ALG_PREFIX intv_
#include "array_alg.h"
int compare_int(const int *a, const int *b, void *ctx) {
return *a - *b;
}
...
int nums[100] = ...;
intv_sort(nums, nums + 100, compare_int, NULL);
int* end = intv_unique(nums, nums + 100, compare_int, NULL);
## Changelog
TODO:
- stable_partition
- set_symmetric_difference
- merge_inplace
*/
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <stddef.h>
#include <assert.h>
#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C"
{
#endif
#ifndef ALGDEF
#ifdef ARRAY_ALG_STATIC
#define ALGDEF static
#else
#define ALGDEF extern
#endif
#endif
#ifndef ARRAY_ALG_TYPE
#error "Please define a type. For example int"
#endif
#ifndef ARRAY_ALG_PREFIX
#error "Please define a prefix. For example int_array_"
#endif
#ifndef ARRAY_ALG_RANDOM
#define ARRAY_ALG_RANDOM(_n) (rand() % (_n))
#endif
#define NAME2(prefix, fun) prefix ## fun
#define NAME1(prefix, fun) NAME2(prefix, fun)
#define NS(fun) NAME1(ARRAY_ALG_PREFIX, fun)
#define T ARRAY_ALG_TYPE
/// Find the first element satisfying a predicate.
ALGDEF T *NS(find_if)(
const T *first,
const T *last,
int (*predicate)(const T*, void*),
void* predicate_ctx
);
ALGDEF T *NS(find_if_not)(
const T *first,
const T *last,
int (*predicate)(const T*, void*),
void* predicate_ctx
);
/// Like find_if, but does not require an end pointer.
/// requires:
/// - the predicate must be true for some value [first, ...).
ALGDEF T *NS(find_if_unguarded)(
const T *first,
int (*predicate)(const T*, void*),
void *predicate_ctx
);
/// Like find_if_not, but does not require an end pointer.
/// requires:
/// - the predicate must be false for some value [first, ...)]
ALGDEF T* NS(find_if_not_unguarded)(
const T *first,
int (*predicate)(const T*, void*),
void *predicate_ctx
);
/// Find the last element satisfying a predicate.
ALGDEF T *NS(find_last_if)(
const T *first,
const T *last,
int (*predicate)(const T*, void*),
void* predicate_ctx
);
ALGDEF int NS(any_of)(
const T *first,
const T *last,
int (*predicate)(const T*, void*),
void* predicate_ctx
);
ALGDEF int NS(all_of)(
const T *first,
const T *last,
int (*predicate)(const T*, void*),
void* predicate_ctx
);
ALGDEF int NS(none_of)(
const T *first,
const T *last,
int (*predicate)(const T*, void*),
void* predicate_ctx
);
ALGDEF size_t NS(count_if)(
const T* first,
const T* last,
int (*predicate)(const T*, void*),
void* predicate_ctx
);
ALGDEF void NS(mismatch)(
const T **first_1,
const T *last_1,
const T **first_2,
int (*compare)(const T*, const T*, void*),
void* compare_ctx
);
ALGDEF T *NS(adjacent_find)(
const T *first,
const T *last,
int (*compare)(const T*, const T*, void*),
void* compare_ctx
);
ALGDEF T *NS(copy)(
const T *first,
const T *last,
T *out
);
ALGDEF T *NS(copy_n)(
const T *first,
size_t n,
T *out
);
ALGDEF T *NS(copy_if)(
const T *first,
const T *last,
T *out,
int (*predicate)(const T*, void*),
void* predicate_ctx
);
ALGDEF T *NS(copy_backward)(
const T *first,
const T *last,
T *last_out
);
ALGDEF int NS(lexicographical_compare)(
const T *first_1,
const T *last_1,
const T *first_2,
const T *last_2,
int (*cmp)(const T*, const T*, void*),
void* cmp_ctx
);
ALGDEF int NS(equal)(
const T *first_1,
const T *last_1,
const T *first_2,
int (*cmp)(const T*, const T*, void*),
void* cmp_ctx
);
ALGDEF void NS(swap)(T *a, T *b);
ALGDEF T *NS(swap_ranges)(
T *first_1,
T *last_1,
T *first_2
);
ALGDEF void NS(reverse)(
T *first,
T *last
);
ALGDEF T *NS(reverse_copy)(
const T *restrict first,
const T *restrict last,
T *out
);
/// requires:
/// - is_sorted(first_1, last_1)
/// - is_sorted(first_2, last_2)
ALGDEF T *NS(merge)(
const T *first_1,
const T *last_1,
const T *first_2,
const T *last_2,
T *restrict out,
int (*compare)(const T*, const T*, void*),
void *compare_ctx
);
/// requires:
/// - is_sorted(first, middle)
/// - is_sorted(middle, last)
ALGDEF void NS(merge_with_buffer)(
T *first,
T *middle,
T *last,
T *buffer,
int (*compare)(const T*, const T*, void*),
void *compare_ctx
);
ALGDEF T *NS(remove_if)(
T *first,
T *last,
int (*pred)(const T*, void*),
void *pred_ctx
);
ALGDEF T *NS(remove_if_not)(
T *first,
T *last,
int (*pred)(const T*, void*),
void *pred_ctx
);
ALGDEF T *NS(replace_if)(
T *first,
T *last,
const T *replacement,
int (*pred)(const T*, void*),
void *pred_ctx
);
/// requires:
/// - is_sorted(first, last)
ALGDEF T *NS(unique)(
T *first,
T *last,
int (*cmp)(const T*, const T*, void*),
void* cmp_ctx
);
/// requires:
/// - is sorted(first, last)
ALGDEF T *NS(unique_copy)(
T *restrict first,
T *last,
T *restrict out,
int (*cmp)(const T*, const T*, void*),
void* cmp_ctx
);
ALGDEF size_t NS(unique_count)(
const T* first,
const T* last,
int (*cmp)(const T*, const T*, void*),
void *cmp_ctx
);
ALGDEF T *NS(fill)(
T *first,
T *last,
const T *x
);
ALGDEF T *NS(fill_n)(
T *first,
size_t count,
const T *x
);
ALGDEF int NS(set_includes)(
const T *first_sub,
const T *last_sub,
const T *first_super,
const T *last_super,
int (*cmp)(const T*, const T*, void*),
void* cmp_ctx
);
ALGDEF T *NS(set_union)(
const T *first_1,
const T *last_1,
const T *first_2,
const T *last_2,
T *restrict out,
int (*cmp)(const T*, const T*, void*),
void* cmp_ctx
);
ALGDEF T *NS(set_difference)(
const T *first_1,
const T *last_1,
const T *first_2,
const T *last_2,
T *out,
int (*cmp)(const T*, const T*, void*),
void* cmp_ctx
);
ALGDEF T *NS(set_intersection)(
const T *first_1,
const T *last_1,
const T *first_2,
const T *last_2,
T *out,
int (*cmp)(const T*, const T*, void*),
void* cmp_ctx
);
ALGDEF T *NS(min)(
const T* a,
const T* b,
int (*cmp)(const T*, const T*, void*),
void* ctx
);
ALGDEF T *NS(max)(
const T *a,
const T *b,
int (*cmp)(const T*, const T*, void*),
void* ctx
);
ALGDEF T *NS(min_element)(
const T *first,
const T *last,
int (*cmp)(const T*, const T*, void*),
void* cmp_ctx
);
ALGDEF T *NS(max_element)(
const T *first,
const T *last,
int (*cmp)(const T*, const T*, void*),
void* ctx
);
/// Selecting the min and max element at the same time is more efficient
/// than selecting them separately.
ALGDEF void NS(minmax_element)(
const T *first,
const T *last,
T** out_min,
T** out_max,
int (*cmp)(const T*, const T*, void*),
void* cmp_ctx
);
/// A range is partitioned if the predicate is true for the first n elements, and false for the rest:
/// For example: T T .. T F ... F
/// The predicate may be true or false on the entire range.
ALGDEF int NS(is_partitioned)(
const T *first,
const T *last,
int (*predicate)(const T*, void*),
void *predicate_ctx
);
ALGDEF T *NS(partition)(
T *first,
T *last,
int (*predicate)(const T*, void*),
void *predicate_ctx
);
/// Partition a range by copying the elements that satisfy a predicate into one buffer,
/// and the ones that fail to another.
/// Note that this function is stable.
ALGDEF void NS(partition_copy)(
const T *first,
const T *last,
T **out_true,
T **out_false,
int (*predicate)(const T*, void*),
void *predicate_ctx
);
/// Calls malloc.
ALGDEF T *NS(stable_partition)(
T *first,
T *last,
int (*predicate)(const T*, void*),
void *predicate_ctx
);
/// Like above, but does not call `malloc`.
/// You must provide a buffer.
/// requires:
/// - sizeof(buffer) >= the number of false entries in the range [first, last)
// Note that sizeof(buffer) >= last - first will be sufficient.
ALGDEF T *NS(stable_partition_with_buffer)(
T *first,
T *last,
T *buffer,
int (*predicate)(const T*, void*),
void *predicate_ctx
);
ALGDEF T *NS(partition_point_n)(
const T *first,
size_t n,
int (*predicate)(const T*, void*),
void* predicate_ctx
);
ALGDEF T *NS(partition_point)(
const T *first,
const T *last,
int (*predicate)(const T*, void*),
void *predicate_ctx
);
ALGDEF T *NS(is_sorted_until)(
const T* first,
const T* last,
int (*compare)(const T*, const T*, void*),
void *compare_ctx
);
ALGDEF int NS(is_sorted)(
const T *first,
const T *last,
int (*compare)(const T*, const T*, void*),
void *compare_ctx
);
ALGDEF T *NS(lower_bound)(
const T *first,
const T *last,
const T* value,
int (*cmp)(const T*, const T*, void*),
void* cmp_ctx
);
ALGDEF T *NS(upper_bound)(
const T *first,
const T *last,
const T *value,
int (*cmp)(const T*, const T*, void*),
void* cmp_ctx
);
ALGDEF int NS(binary_search)(
const T *first,
const T *last,
const T *value,
int (*cmp)(const T*, const T*, void*),
void* cmp_ctx
);
ALGDEF void NS(equal_range)(
const T *first,
const T *last,
const T *value,
T **lower,
T **upper,
int (*cmp)(const T*, const T*, void*),
void* cmp_ctx
);
ALGDEF int NS(next_permutation)(
T *first,
T *last,
int (*cmp)(const T*, const T*, void*),
void* cmp_ctx
);
/// See random_shuffle.
ALGDEF void NS(random_shuffle_n)(
T *first,
size_t n
);
ALGDEF void NS(random_shuffle)(
T *first,
T *last
);
/// Select count random elements from the range [first, last).
/// Each element has an equal probability of being selected.
/// Each element will be selected at most once.
ALGDEF T *NS(sample)(
const T *first,
const T *last,
T* out,
size_t count
);
ALGDEF T *NS(is_heap_until)(
T *first,
T *last,
int (*compare)(const T*, const T*, void *),
void* compare_ctx
);
ALGDEF int NS(is_heap)(
T *first,
T *last,
int (*compare)(const T*, const T*, void *),
void* compare_ctx
);
/// See push_heap
ALGDEF void NS(push_heap_n)(
T *first,
size_t count,
int (*compare)(const T*, const T*, void *),
void* compare_ctx
);
/// The item at the end of the range: (last - 1)
/// Will be inserted into the heap [first, last - 1)
/// [first, last) will then be a heap.
/// requires:
/// - is_heap(first, last)
ALGDEF void NS(push_heap)(
T *first,
T *last,
int (*compare)(const T*, const T*, void *),
void *compare_ctx
);
/// See pop_heap
ALGDEF void NS(pop_heap_n)(
T *first,
size_t count,
int (*compare)(const T*, const T*, void *),
void *compare_ctx
);
/// The largest item in the heap will be moved to the end: (last - 1).
/// The remaining range [first, last - 1) will be a heap.
/// requires:
/// - is_heap(first, last - 1)
ALGDEF void NS(pop_heap)(
T *first,
T *last,
int (*compare)(const T*, const T*, void *),
void *compare_ctx
);
/// Create max heap from the range [first, first + count).
ALGDEF void NS(make_heap_n)(
T *first,
size_t count,
int (*compare)(const T*, const T*, void *),
void *compare_ctx
);
/// Create max heap from the range [first, last).
/// requires:
/// - is_heap(first, last)
ALGDEF void NS(make_heap)(
T *first,
T *last,
int (*compare)(const T*, const T*, void*),
void *compare_ctx
);
/// Given a heap, reorder elements until they are sorted.
ALGDEF void NS(sort_heap)(
T *first,
T *last,
int (*compare)(const T*, const T*, void*),
void *compare_ctx
);
ALGDEF void NS(insertion_sort)(
T *first,
T *last,
int (*compare)(const T* a, const T* b, void*),
void* compare_ctx
);
ALGDEF void NS(sort)(
T *first,
T *last,
int (*compare)(const T*, const T*, void*),
void *compare_ctx
);
ALGDEF void NS(insertion_sort_stable)(
T *first,
T *last,
int (*compare)(const T*, const T*, void*),
void *compare_ctx
);
/// Sort an array in a stable way with a merge sort variety.
/// By stable, we mean that the order of equivalent elements is preserved.
/// Calls malloc.
ALGDEF void NS(stable_sort)(
T* first,
T* last,
int (*compare)(const T*, const T*, void*),
void* compare_ctx
);
/// Like above, but does not call malloc.
/// You must provide a buffer.
/// requires:
/// - sizeof(buffer) >= (last - first) / 2
ALGDEF void NS(stable_sort_with_buffer)(
T* first,
T* last,
T* buffer,
int (*compare)(const T*, const T*, void*),
void* compare_ctx
);
ALGDEF void NS(partial_sort)(
T *first,
T *middle,
T *last,
int (*compare)(const T*, const T*, void*),
void *compare_ctx
);
ALGDEF T *NS(partial_sort_copy)(
const T *first,
const T *last,
T *out_first,
T *out_last,
int (*compare)(const T*, const T*, void*),
void *compare_ctx
);
ALGDEF void NS(nth_element)(
T *first,
T *nth,
T *last,
int (*compare)(const T*, const T*, void*),
void *compare_ctx
);
/// See is_strictly_increasing
ALGDEF T *NS(is_strictly_increasing_until)(
const T *first,
const T *last,
int (*compare)(const T*, const T*, void*),
void *compare_ctx
);
/// A sequence is strictly increasing when
/// compare(p, p+1) < 0 for all valid pointers in the range.
ALGDEF int NS(is_strictly_increasing)(
const T *first,
const T *last,
int (*compare)(const T*, const T*, void*),
void *compare_ctx
);
/// Insert n elements at first.
/// The elements at [first, last) will first be shifted up
/// to [first + n, last + n) to make room.
///
/// requires:
/// - [first, last + n) is a valid range.
ALGDEF T* NS(insert_n)(
T *first,
T *last,
const T *to_insert_first,
size_t n
);
#ifdef ARRAY_ALG_IMPLEMENTATION
ALGDEF T *NS(find_if)(
const T *first,
const T *last,
int (*predicate)(const T*, void*),
void* predicate_ctx
) {
while (first != last) {
if (predicate(first, predicate_ctx)) break;
++first;
}
return (T*)first;
}
ALGDEF T *NS(find_if_not)(
const T *first,
const T *last,
int (*predicate)(const T*, void*),
void* predicate_ctx
) {
while (first != last) {
if (!predicate(first, predicate_ctx)) break;
++first;
}
return (T*)first;
}
ALGDEF T *NS(find_if_unguarded)(
const T *first,
int (*predicate)(const T*, void*),
void *predicate_ctx
) {
while (!predicate(first, predicate_ctx)) ++first;
return (T*)first;
}
ALGDEF T* NS(find_if_not_unguarded)(
const T *first,
int (*predicate)(const T*, void*),
void *predicate_ctx
) {
while (predicate(first, predicate_ctx)) ++first;
return (T*)first;
}
ALGDEF T *NS(find_last_if)(
const T *first,
const T *last,
int (*predicate)(const T*, void*),
void* predicate_ctx
) {
const T *found = last;
while (first != last) {
if (predicate(first, predicate_ctx)) {
found = first;
}
++first;
}
return (T*)found;
}
ALGDEF int NS(any_of)(
const T *first,
const T *last,
int (*predicate)(const T*, void*),
void* predicate_ctx
) {
return NS(find_if)(first, last, predicate, predicate_ctx) != last;
}
ALGDEF int NS(none_of)(
const T *first,
const T *last,
int (*predicate)(const T*, void*),
void* predicate_ctx
) {
return NS(find_if)(first, last, predicate, predicate_ctx) == last;
}
ALGDEF int NS(all_of)(
const T *first,
const T *last,
int (*predicate)(const T*, void*),
void* predicate_ctx
) {
return NS(find_if_not)(first, last, predicate, predicate_ctx) == last;
}
ALGDEF size_t NS(count_if)(
const T* first,
const T* last,
int (*predicate)(const T*, void*),
void* predicate_ctx
) {
size_t count = 0;
while (first != last) {
if (predicate(first, predicate_ctx)) ++count;
++first;
}
return count;
}
ALGDEF void NS(mismatch)(
const T **first_1,
const T *last_1,
const T **first_2,
int (*compare)(const T*, const T*, void*),
void* compare_ctx
) {
const T* f1 = *first_1;
const T* f2 = *first_2;
while (f1 != last_1) {
if (compare(f1, f2, compare_ctx) != 0) {
break;
}
++f1;
++f2;
}
*first_1 = f1;
*first_2 = f2;
}
ALGDEF T *NS(adjacent_find)(
const T *first,
const T *last,
int (*compare)(const T*, const T*, void*),
void* compare_ctx
) {
if (first != last)
{
const T* prev = first;
const T* next = prev;
++next;
while (next != last) {
if (compare(prev, next, compare_ctx) == 0) {
return (T*)prev;
}
prev = next;
++next;
}
}
return (T*)last;
}
ALGDEF T *NS(copy)(
const T *first,
const T *last,
T *out
) {
size_t n = (last - first);
memcpy(out, first, n * sizeof(T));
return out + n;
}
ALGDEF T *NS(copy_n)(
const T *first,
size_t n,
T *out
) {
memcpy(out, first, n * sizeof(T));
return out + n;
}
ALGDEF T *NS(copy_if)(
const T *first,
const T *last,
T *out,
int (*predicate)(const T*, void*),
void* predicate_ctx
) {
while (first != last) {
if (predicate(first, predicate_ctx)) {
*out = *first;
++out;
}
++first;
}
return out;
}
ALGDEF T *NS(copy_backward)(
const T *first,
const T *last,
T *last_out
) {
while (first != last) {
--last;
--last_out;
*last_out = *last;
}
return last_out;
}
ALGDEF int NS(lexicographical_compare)(
const T *first_1,
const T *last_1,
const T *first_2,
const T *last_2,
int (*cmp)(const T*, const T*, void*),
void* cmp_ctx
) {
while (1) {
if (first_1 == last_1 && first_2 == last_2) {
return 0;
} else if (first_1 == last_1) {
return -1;
} else if (first_2 == last_2) {
return 1;
}
int result = cmp(first_1, first_2, cmp_ctx);
if (result != 0) return result;
++first_1;
++first_2;
}
}
ALGDEF int NS(equal)(
const T *first_1,
const T *last_1,
const T *first_2,
int (*cmp)(const T*, const T*, void*),
void* cmp_ctx
) {
while (first_1 != last_1) {
int result = cmp(first_1, first_2, cmp_ctx);
if (result != 0) return 0;
++first_1;
++first_2;
}
return 1;
}
ALGDEF void NS(swap)(T *a, T *b) {
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