let lowercasedHTML = htmlString.lowercased()

guard let titleStartRange = lowercasedHTML.range(of: "<title") else {

return nil

}

let afterTitleTag = htmlString[titleStartRange.upperBound...]

guard let closingBracketRange = afterTitleTag.range(of: ">") else {

return nil

}

let titleContentStart = closingBracketRange.upperBound

let remainingHTML = htmlString[titleContentStart...]

guard let endTitleRange = remainingHTML.range(of: "</title>", options: .caseInsensitive) else {

return nil

}

let titleContent = String(remainingHTML[..<endTitleRange.lowerBound])

return cleanHTMLString(titleContent)

var cleaned = string

let htmlEntities: [String: String] = [

"&amp;": "&",

"&lt;": "<",

"&gt;": ">",

"&quot;": "\"",

"&apos;": "'",

"&nbsp;": " "

]

for (entity, replacement) in htmlEntities {

cleaned = cleaned.replacingOccurrences(of: entity, with: replacement, options: .caseInsensitive)

}

let numericEntityPattern = "&#x?([0-9a-fA-F]+);"

if let regex = try? NSRegularExpression(pattern: numericEntityPattern) {

let range = NSRange(location: 0, length: cleaned.count)

let matches = regex.matches(in: cleaned, range: range)

for match in matches.reversed() {

if let numberRange = Range(match.range(at: 1), in: cleaned) {

let numberString = String(cleaned[numberRange])

let isHex = cleaned[match.range].contains("&#x")

var characterCode: Int?

if isHex {

characterCode = Int(numberString, radix: 16)

} else {

characterCode = Int(numberString)

}

if let code = characterCode, let unicodeScalar = UnicodeScalar(code) {

let character = String(Character(unicodeScalar))

if let fullRange = Range(match.range, in: cleaned) {

cleaned = cleaned.replacingCharacters(in: fullRange, with: character)

}

}

}

}

}

return cleaned

.trimmingCharacters(in: .whitespacesAndNewlines)

.replacingOccurrences(of: "\\s+", with: " ", options: .regularExpression)