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"""Modules.

模块 (Modules)

@see: https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/modules.html

As your program gets longer, you may want to split it into several files for easier maintenance.

You may also want to use a handy function that you’ve written in several programs without copying

its definition into each program.

当你的程序变得越来越长时，你可能希望将其拆分为多个文件以便于维护。

你也可能希望在多个程序中使用某个已经写好的函数，而不必将其定义复制到每个程序中。

To support this, Python has a way to put definitions in a file and use them in a script or in an

interactive instance of the interpreter. Such a file is called a module; definitions from a module

can be imported into other modules or into the main module (the collection of variables that you

have access to in a script executed at the top level and in calculator mode).

为了支持这一点, Python 提供了一种方法：将定义放入一个文件中，然后在脚本或解释器的交互式

实例中使用它们。这样的文件被称为「模块」(module)；模块中的定义可以被导入到其他模块中，

或者导入到主模块中（即在顶层执行的脚本和计算器模式下可访问的变量集合）。

# 中文注解

A module is a file containing Python definitions and statements. The file name is the module name

with the suffix .py appended. Within a module, the module’s name (as a string) is available as the

value of the global variable __name__.

模块就是一个包含 Python 定义和语句的文件。文件名即模块名，后缀为 .py。在一个模块内部，

模块的名称（作为字符串）可以通过全局变量 __name__ 获得。

"""

# This does not enter the names of the functions defined in fibonacci_module directly in the

# current symbol table; it only enters the module name fibonacci_module there.

# 这种导入方式不会将 fibonacci_module 中定义的函数名直接放入当前的符号表中；

# 它只是将模块名 fibonacci_module 放入符号表。

import fibonacci_module

# There is a variant of the import statement that imports names from a module directly into the

# importing module’s symbol table. For example:

# import 语句有一种变体，它会将模块中的名称直接导入到当前模块的符号表中。例如：

# pylint: disable=reimported

from fibonacci_module import fibonacci_at_position, fibonacci_smaller_than

# There is even a variant to import all names that a module defines. This imports all names except

# those beginning with an underscore (_). In most cases Python programmers do not use this facility

# since it introduces an unknown set of names into the interpreter, possibly hiding some things you

# have already defined.

# 还有一种变体可以导入模块定义的所有名称。它会导入除了以下划线 (_) 开头之外的所有名称。

# 大多数情况下 Python 程序员不会使用这种方式，因为它会引入一组未知的名称到解释器中，

# 可能会覆盖你已经定义好的某些内容。

# >>> from fibonacci_module import *

# If the module name is followed by as, then the name following as is bound directly to the

# imported module:

# 如果模块名后面跟着 as，那么 as 后面的名称会直接绑定到所导入的模块上：

import fibonacci_module as fibonacci_module_renamed

# It can also be used when utilising from with similar effects:

# 在使用 from 时也可以采用类似的方式，效果相同：

from fibonacci_module import fibonacci_at_position as fibonacci_at_position_renamed

# When a module named spam is imported, the interpreter first searches for a built-in module with

# that name. If not found, it then searches for a file named spam.py in a list of directories

# given by the variable sys.path. sys.path is initialized from these locations:

#

# - The directory containing the input script (or the current directory when no file is specified).

# - PYTHONPATH (a list of directory names, with the same syntax as the shell variable PATH).

# - The installation-dependent default.

#

# 当导入一个名为 spam 的模块时，解释器首先会搜索同名的内置模块。如果没有找到，

# 它会在 sys.path 变量给出的目录列表中搜索名为 spam.py 的文件。

# sys.path 的初始值来自以下位置：

#

# - 包含输入脚本的目录（如果没有指定脚本，则是当前目录）。

# - PYTHONPATH（一个目录名列表，语法与 shell 变量 PATH 相同）。

# - 安装时设定的默认值。

def test_modules():

"""Modules"""

# 模块测试

assert fibonacci_module.fibonacci_at_position(7) == 13

assert fibonacci_at_position(7) == 13

assert fibonacci_module_renamed.fibonacci_at_position(7) == 13

assert fibonacci_at_position_renamed(7) == 13

assert fibonacci_module.fibonacci_smaller_than(100) == [0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89]

assert fibonacci_smaller_than(100) == [0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89]

assert fibonacci_module_renamed.fibonacci_smaller_than(10) == [0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8]

# If you intend to use a function often you can assign it to a local name.

# 如果你打算频繁使用某个函数，可以将它赋值给一个本地名称。

fibonacci = fibonacci_module.fibonacci_smaller_than

assert fibonacci(100) == [0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89]

# The built-in function dir() is used to find out which names a module defines. It returns a

# sorted list of strings.

# 内置函数 dir() 用于查看一个模块定义了哪些名称。它返回一个排好序的字符串列表。

assert dir(fibonacci_module) == [

'__builtins__',

'__cached__',

'__doc__',

'__file__',

'__loader__',

'__name__',

'__package__',

'__spec__',

'fibonacci_at_position',

'fibonacci_smaller_than',

]