#[inline]

#[must_use]

pub fn to_callable(&self) -> Option<PyCallable<'_>> {

PyCallable::new(self)

}

#[inline]

#[must_use]

pub fn is_callable(&self) -> bool {

self.to_callable().is_some()

}

/// PyObject_Call*Arg* series

#[inline]

pub fn call(&self, args: impl IntoFuncArgs, vm: &VirtualMachine) -> PyResult {

let args = args.into_args(vm);

self.call_with_args(args, vm)

}

/// PyObject_Call

pub fn call_with_args(&self, args: FuncArgs, vm: &VirtualMachine) -> PyResult {

let Some(callable) = self.to_callable() else {

return Err(vm.new_type_error(format!(

"'{}' object is not callable",

self.class().slot_name()

)));

};

vm_trace!("Invoke: {:?} {:?}", callable, args);

callable.invoke(args, vm)

}

/// Vectorcall: call with owned positional args + optional kwnames.

/// Falls back to FuncArgs-based call if no vectorcall slot.

#[inline]

pub fn vectorcall(

&self,

args: Vec<PyObjectRef>,

nargs: usize,

kwnames: Option<&[PyObjectRef]>,

vm: &VirtualMachine,

) -> PyResult {

let Some(callable) = self.to_callable() else {

return Err(vm.new_type_error(format!(

"'{}' object is not callable",

self.class().slot_name()

)));

};

callable.invoke_vectorcall(args, nargs, kwnames, vm)

}

pub obj: &'a PyObject,

pub call: GenericMethod,

pub vectorcall: Option<VectorCallFunc>,

pub fn new(obj: &'a PyObject) -> Option<Self> {

let slots = &obj.class().slots;

let call = slots.call.load()?;

let vectorcall = slots.vectorcall.load();

Some(PyCallable {

obj,

call,

vectorcall,

})

}

pub fn invoke(&self, args: impl IntoFuncArgs, vm: &VirtualMachine) -> PyResult {

let args = args.into_args(vm);

if !vm.use_tracing.get() {

return (self.call)(self.obj, args, vm);

}

// Python functions get 'call'/'return' events from with_frame().

// Bound methods delegate to the inner callable, which fires its own events.

// All other callables (built-in functions, etc.) get 'c_call'/'c_return'/'c_exception'.

let is_python_callable = self.obj.downcast_ref::<PyFunction>().is_some()

|| self.obj.downcast_ref::<PyBoundMethod>().is_some();

if is_python_callable {

(self.call)(self.obj, args, vm)

} else {

let callable = self.obj.to_owned();

vm.trace_event(TraceEvent::CCall, Some(callable.clone()))?;

let result = (self.call)(self.obj, args, vm);

if result.is_ok() {

vm.trace_event(TraceEvent::CReturn, Some(callable))?;

} else {

let _ = vm.trace_event(TraceEvent::CException, Some(callable));

}

result

}

}

/// Vectorcall dispatch: use vectorcall slot if available, else fall back to FuncArgs.

#[inline]

pub fn invoke_vectorcall(

&self,

args: Vec<PyObjectRef>,

nargs: usize,

kwnames: Option<&[PyObjectRef]>,

vm: &VirtualMachine,

) -> PyResult {

if let Some(vc) = self.vectorcall {

if !vm.use_tracing.get() {

return vc(self.obj, args, nargs, kwnames, vm);

}

let is_python_callable = self.obj.downcast_ref::<PyFunction>().is_some()

|| self.obj.downcast_ref::<PyBoundMethod>().is_some();

if is_python_callable {

vc(self.obj, args, nargs, kwnames, vm)

} else {

let callable = self.obj.to_owned();

vm.trace_event(TraceEvent::CCall, Some(callable.clone()))?;

let result = vc(self.obj, args, nargs, kwnames, vm);

if result.is_ok() {

vm.trace_event(TraceEvent::CReturn, Some(callable))?;

} else {

let _ = vm.trace_event(TraceEvent::CException, Some(callable));

}

result

}

} else {

// Fallback: convert owned Vec to FuncArgs (move, no clone)

let func_args = FuncArgs::from_vectorcall_owned(args, nargs, kwnames);

self.invoke(func_args, vm)

}

}

Call,

Return,

Exception,

Line,

Opcode,

CCall,

CReturn,

CException,

/// Whether sys.settrace receives this event.

#[must_use]

const fn is_trace_event(self) -> bool {

matches!(

self,

Self::Call | Self::Return | Self::Exception | Self::Line | Self::Opcode

)

}

/// Whether sys.setprofile receives this event.

/// In legacy_tracing.c, profile callbacks are only registered for

/// PY_RETURN, PY_UNWIND, C_CALL, C_RETURN, C_RAISE.

#[must_use]

const fn is_profile_event(self) -> bool {

matches!(

self,

Self::Call | Self::Return | Self::CCall | Self::CReturn | Self::CException

)

}

/// Whether this event is dispatched only when f_trace_opcodes is set.

#[must_use]

pub(crate) const fn is_opcode_event(self) -> bool {

matches!(self, Self::Opcode)

}

fn fmt(&self, f: &mut core::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> core::fmt::Result {

match self {

Self::Call => write!(f, "call"),

Self::Return => write!(f, "return"),

Self::Exception => write!(f, "exception"),

Self::Line => write!(f, "line"),

Self::Opcode => write!(f, "opcode"),

Self::CCall => write!(f, "c_call"),

Self::CReturn => write!(f, "c_return"),

Self::CException => write!(f, "c_exception"),

}

}

/// Call registered trace function.

///

/// Returns the trace function's return value:

/// - `Some(obj)` if the trace function returned a non-None value

/// - `None` if it returned Python None or no trace function was active

///

/// In CPython's trace protocol:

/// - For 'call' events: the return value determines the per-frame `f_trace`

/// - For 'line'/'return' events: the return value can update `f_trace`

#[inline]

pub(crate) fn trace_event(

&self,

event: TraceEvent,

arg: Option<PyObjectRef>,

) -> PyResult<Option<PyObjectRef>> {

if self.use_tracing.get() && !self.tracing_is_suppressed() {

self._trace_event_inner(event, arg)

} else {

Ok(None)

}

}

fn _trace_event_inner(

&self,

event: TraceEvent,

arg: Option<PyObjectRef>,

) -> PyResult<Option<PyObjectRef>> {

let trace_func = self.trace_func.borrow().to_owned();

let profile_func = self.profile_func.borrow().to_owned();

if self.is_none(&trace_func) && self.is_none(&profile_func) {

return Ok(None);

}

let is_trace_event = event.is_trace_event();

let is_profile_event = event.is_profile_event();

let is_opcode_event = event.is_opcode_event();

let Some(frame_ref) = crate::frame::current_thread_frame_materialize(self) else {

return Ok(None);

};

// Opcode events are only dispatched when f_trace_opcodes is set.

if is_opcode_event

&& !frame_ref

.iframe()

.cold_opt()

.is_some_and(|c| *c.trace_opcodes.lock())

{

return Ok(None);

}

let frame: PyObjectRef = frame_ref.into();

let event = self.ctx.new_str(event.to_string()).into();

let args = vec![frame, event, arg.unwrap_or_else(|| self.ctx.none())];

let mut trace_result = None;

// temporarily disable tracing, during the call to the

// tracing function itself.

if is_trace_event && !self.is_none(&trace_func) {

self.use_tracing.set(false);

self.enter_tracing();

let res = trace_func.call(args.clone(), self);

self.leave_tracing();

self.use_tracing.set(true);

match res {

Ok(result) => {

if !self.is_none(&result) {

trace_result = Some(result);

}

}

Err(e) => {

// trace_trampoline behavior: clear per-frame f_trace

// and propagate the error.

if let Some(frame_ref) = self.current_frame() {

*frame_ref.iframe().cold().trace.lock() = None;

}

return Err(e);

}

}

}

if is_profile_event && !self.is_none(&profile_func) {

self.use_tracing.set(false);

self.enter_tracing();

let res = profile_func.call(args, self);

self.leave_tracing();

self.use_tracing.set(true);

if res.is_err() {

*self.profile_func.borrow_mut() = self.ctx.none();

}

}

Ok(trace_result)

}