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#!/usr/bin/env python
Below are two techniques showing how to reformat an address.
The functions below check an address to see if it has a direction
at the end of the address; if so, they reformat the address so the
direction appears before the street name. 
The first function uses indexing and slice notation
to pull apart the address. The second function uses a 
regular expression to parse the address.
>>> parse_address("123 Main St N")
'123 N Main St'
>>> parse_address_with_regex("123 Main St N")   
'123 N Main St'
            #### Index/Slice Technique ####
def parse_address(address):
    This function, courtesy of Brian Bowling, uses slice notation to parse and reformat an address.
    More info on slice notation is here:
       http://docs.python.org/tutorial/introduction.html#strings
    # find the first and last spaces in the string
    last_space = len(address) - 1
    first_space = 0
    while address[last_space] != " ":
        last_space -= 1
    while address[first_space] != " ":
        first_space += 1
    # test to see if the characters following the last space are a direction
    if address[last_space + 1:] in ("N", "S", "E", "W", "NE", "NW", "SE", "SW"):
    # make the transformation
        new_address = address[:first_space] + address[last_space:] + address[first_space:last_space]
        new_address = address
    return new_address
            #### Regular Expression Technique ####
# Create a regular expression pattern, which we'll use to match address strings
address_pattern = re.compile(r'^(\w+)\s(.+?)\s(N|S|E|W|NW|NE|SW|SE)$')
def parse_address_with_regex(address_string):
    This function uses a regular expression to parse and reformat an address.
    More info on regular expressions are here:
        http://docs.python.org/library/re.html
    # Try matching the address_string against the address_pattern
    regex_match = address_pattern.match(address_string.strip()) 
    if regex_match:
        # If there's a match, then assign the address components to variables
        number, address, direction = regex_match.groups()
        # Reformat the address components into a new string
        new_address = "%s %s %s" % (number, direction, address)
        new_address = address_string
    return new_address
if __name__ == '__main__':
    # The "doctest" code at the bottom of this program is boilerplate syntax
    # to help run tests inside of Python docstrings. 
    # Doctests not only help ensure that your code works as expected, 
    # but they help demonstrate to others how to properly use your code.
    # These tests resemble the code from a session in the Python 
    # interactive interpreter, and in fact, you can copy and paste code from
    # such sessions directly into your Python program.
    # The doctests in this program are at the top of the file, right beneath 
    # the "Usage" line. To run the doctests in this program, execute the 
    # following command from your shell or terminal:
    #     python address_parser.py -v
    # More info on doctests can be found here:
    #     http://docs.python.org/library/doctest.html
    import doctest
    doctest.testmod()

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