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/* Copyright (C) The libssh2 project and its contributors.
 * Sample showing how to do SSH2 connect using ssh-agent.
 * The sample code has default values for host name, user name:
 * $ ./ssh2_agent host user
 * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
#include "libssh2_setup.h"
#include <libssh2.h>
#ifdef HAVE_SYS_SOCKET_H
#include <sys/socket.h>
#ifdef HAVE_UNISTD_H
#include <unistd.h>
#ifdef HAVE_NETINET_IN_H
#include <netinet/in.h>
#ifdef HAVE_ARPA_INET_H
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
static const char *username = "username";
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
    uint32_t hostaddr;
    libssh2_socket_t sock;
    struct sockaddr_in sin;
    const char *fingerprint;
    char *userauthlist;
    int rc;
    LIBSSH2_SESSION *session = NULL;
    LIBSSH2_CHANNEL *channel;
    LIBSSH2_AGENT *agent = NULL;
    struct libssh2_agent_publickey *identity, *prev_identity = NULL;
#ifdef _WIN32
    WSADATA wsadata;
    rc = WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2, 0), &wsadata);
    if(rc) {
        fprintf(stderr, "WSAStartup failed with error: %d\n", rc);
        return 1;
    if(argc > 1) {
        hostaddr = inet_addr(argv[1]);
        hostaddr = htonl(0x7F000001);
    if(argc > 2) {
        username = argv[2];
    rc = libssh2_init(0);
    if(rc) {
        fprintf(stderr, "libssh2 initialization failed (%d)\n", rc);
        return 1;
    /* Ultra basic "connect to port 22 on localhost".  Your code is
     * responsible for creating the socket establishing the connection
    sock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
    if(sock == LIBSSH2_INVALID_SOCKET) {
        fprintf(stderr, "failed to create socket.\n");
        rc = 1;
        goto shutdown;
    sin.sin_family = AF_INET;
    sin.sin_port = htons(22);
    sin.sin_addr.s_addr = hostaddr;
    if(connect(sock, (struct sockaddr*)(&sin), sizeof(struct sockaddr_in))) {
        fprintf(stderr, "failed to connect.\n");
        goto shutdown;
    /* Create a session instance */
    session = libssh2_session_init();
    if(!session) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Could not initialize SSH session.\n");
        goto shutdown;
    rc = libssh2_session_handshake(session, sock);
    if(rc) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Failure establishing SSH session: %d\n", rc);
        goto shutdown;
    /* At this point we have not yet authenticated.  The first thing to do
     * is check the hostkey's fingerprint against our known hosts Your app
     * may have it hard coded, may go to a file, may present it to the
     * user, that's your call
    fingerprint = libssh2_hostkey_hash(session, LIBSSH2_HOSTKEY_HASH_SHA1);
    fprintf(stderr, "Fingerprint: ");
    for(i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
        fprintf(stderr, "%02X ", (unsigned char)fingerprint[i]);
    fprintf(stderr, "\n");
    /* check what authentication methods are available */
    userauthlist = libssh2_userauth_list(session, username,
                                         (unsigned int)strlen(username));
    if(userauthlist) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Authentication methods: %s\n", userauthlist);
        if(!strstr(userauthlist, "publickey")) {
            fprintf(stderr, "'publickey' authentication is not supported\n");
            goto shutdown;
        /* Connect to the ssh-agent */
        agent = libssh2_agent_init(session);
        if(!agent) {
            fprintf(stderr, "Failure initializing ssh-agent support\n");
            rc = 1;
            goto shutdown;
        if(libssh2_agent_connect(agent)) {
            fprintf(stderr, "Failure connecting to ssh-agent\n");
            rc = 1;
            goto shutdown;
        if(libssh2_agent_list_identities(agent)) {
            fprintf(stderr, "Failure requesting identities to ssh-agent\n");
            rc = 1;
            goto shutdown;
        for(;;) {
            rc = libssh2_agent_get_identity(agent, &identity, prev_identity);
            if(rc == 1)
                break;
            if(rc < 0) {
                fprintf(stderr,
                        "Failure obtaining identity from ssh-agent support\n");
                goto shutdown;
            if(libssh2_agent_userauth(agent, username, identity)) {
                fprintf(stderr, "Authentication with username %s and "
                        "public key %s failed.\n",
                        username, identity->comment);
            else {
                fprintf(stderr, "Authentication with username %s and "
                        "public key %s succeeded.\n",
                        username, identity->comment);
                break;
            prev_identity = identity;
        if(rc) {
            fprintf(stderr, "Could not continue authentication\n");
            goto shutdown;
    /* We're authenticated now. */
    /* Request a shell */
    channel = libssh2_channel_open_session(session);
    if(!channel) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Unable to open a session\n");
        goto shutdown;
    /* Some environment variables may be set,
     * It's up to the server which ones it'll allow though
    libssh2_channel_setenv(channel, "FOO", "bar");
    /* Request a terminal with 'vanilla' terminal emulation
     * See /etc/termcap for more options. This is useful when opening
     * an interactive shell.
    if(libssh2_channel_request_pty(channel, "vanilla")) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Failed requesting pty\n");
        goto skip_shell;
    /* Open a SHELL on that pty */
    if(libssh2_channel_shell(channel)) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Unable to request shell on allocated pty\n");
        goto shutdown;
    /* At this point the shell can be interacted with using
     * libssh2_channel_read()
     * libssh2_channel_read_stderr()
     * libssh2_channel_write()
     * libssh2_channel_write_stderr()
     * Blocking mode may be (en|dis)abled with: libssh2_channel_set_blocking()
     * If the server send EOF, libssh2_channel_eof() will return non-0
     * To send EOF to the server use: libssh2_channel_send_eof()
     * A channel can be closed with: libssh2_channel_close()
     * A channel can be freed with: libssh2_channel_free()
skip_shell:
    if(channel) {
        libssh2_channel_free(channel);
        channel = NULL;
    /* Other channel types are supported via:
     * libssh2_scp_send()
     * libssh2_scp_recv2()
     * libssh2_channel_direct_tcpip()
    if(agent) {
        libssh2_agent_disconnect(agent);
        libssh2_agent_free(agent);
    if(session) {
        libssh2_session_disconnect(session, "Normal Shutdown");
        libssh2_session_free(session);
    if(sock != LIBSSH2_INVALID_SOCKET) {
        shutdown(sock, 2);
        LIBSSH2_SOCKET_CLOSE(sock);
    fprintf(stderr, "all done\n");
    libssh2_exit();
#ifdef _WIN32
    WSACleanup();
    return rc;
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