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data-v-b3fd67f8></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/guide/logging.html" data-v-b3fd67f8><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b3fd67f8>Logging</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b3fd67f8 data-v-b3fd67f8><div class="item" data-v-b3fd67f8><div class="indicator" data-v-b3fd67f8></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/guide/claude-code-skill.html" data-v-b3fd67f8><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b3fd67f8>Claude Code Skill</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="no-transition group" data-v-c40bc020><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0" data-v-c40bc020 data-v-b3fd67f8><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b3fd67f8><div class="indicator" data-v-b3fd67f8></div><h2 class="text" data-v-b3fd67f8>Reference</h2><!----></div><div class="items" data-v-b3fd67f8><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b3fd67f8 data-v-b3fd67f8><div class="item" data-v-b3fd67f8><div 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data-v-3f215769><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--><nav aria-labelledby="doc-outline-aria-label" class="VPDocAsideOutline" data-v-3f215769 data-v-a5bbad30><div class="content" data-v-a5bbad30><div class="outline-marker" data-v-a5bbad30></div><div aria-level="2" class="outline-title" id="doc-outline-aria-label" role="heading" data-v-a5bbad30>On this page</div><ul class="VPDocOutlineItem root" data-v-a5bbad30 data-v-b933a997><!--[--><!--]--></ul></div></nav><!--[--><!--[--><!--[--><!--[--><div class="comments-outline-link" data-v-6357a5e2><a href="#comments" class="outline-link" data-v-6357a5e2>Comments</a></div><!--]--><!--]--><!--]--><!--]--><div class="spacer" data-v-3f215769></div><!--[--><!--]--><!----><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div></div><div class="content" data-v-39a288b8><div class="content-container" data-v-39a288b8><!--[--><!--]--><main class="main" data-v-39a288b8><div style="position:relative;" class="vp-doc _guide_proxy" data-v-39a288b8><div><h1 id="proxy-endpoints" tabindex="-1">Proxy Endpoints <a class="header-anchor" href="#proxy-endpoints" aria-label="Permalink to "Proxy Endpoints""></a></h1><p>A proxy endpoint forwards a request to an <strong>upstream service</strong> and returns its response. With NpgsqlRest you turn any routine into a reverse proxy by adding <a href="./../annotations/proxy.html"><code>@proxy</code></a> — and you choose whether to <strong>stream the upstream response straight through</strong> or <strong>run it through SQL first</strong> to cache, enrich, or reshape it. This makes PostgreSQL a lightweight API gateway that can add auth, caching, and database context to any backend.</p><p>This guide covers:</p><ol><li><a href="#how-it-works">How proxy endpoints work</a></li><li><a href="#enabling-the-proxy">Enabling the proxy</a></li><li><a href="#passthrough-mode">Passthrough mode</a></li><li><a href="#transform-mode">Transform mode</a></li><li><a href="#where-the-request-goes-target-url">Where the request goes: target URL</a></li><li><a href="#forwarding-headers-claims-and-ip">Forwarding headers, claims, and IP</a></li><li><a href="#forward-proxy-send-a-function-result-upstream">Forward proxy: send a function result upstream</a></li><li><a href="#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li><a href="#a-complete-example-cached-ai-gateway">A complete example: cached AI gateway</a></li></ol><div class="tip custom-block"><p class="custom-block-title">Reference pages</p><p>This is the conceptual walkthrough. For exact options see <a href="./../annotations/proxy.html"><code>@proxy</code></a>, <a href="./../annotations/proxy-out.html"><code>@proxy_out</code></a>, and <a href="./../config/proxy.html">Proxy configuration</a>.</p></div><h2 id="how-it-works" tabindex="-1">How it works <a class="header-anchor" href="#how-it-works" aria-label="Permalink to "How it works""></a></h2><p><code>@proxy</code> forwards the incoming request to an upstream host. What happens to the response depends on <strong>one thing</strong>: whether your routine declares the special <strong><code>_proxy_*</code> response parameters</strong>.</p><div class="language-mermaid vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">mermaid</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes catppuccin-latte catppuccin-mocha vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#4C4F69;--shiki-dark:#CDD6F4;">flowchart TD</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#4C4F69;--shiki-dark:#CDD6F4;"> REQ["Client request"] --> NR["NpgsqlRest @proxy endpoint"]</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#4C4F69;--shiki-dark:#CDD6F4;"> NR -->|"forward (incoming path + query)"| UP["Upstream host"]</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#4C4F69;--shiki-dark:#CDD6F4;"> UP --> MODE{"routine declares</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#4C4F69;--shiki-dark:#CDD6F4;"> _proxy_* params?"}</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#4C4F69;--shiki-dark:#CDD6F4;"> MODE -->|"no — passthrough"| OUT1["stream the upstream response</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#4C4F69;--shiki-dark:#CDD6F4;"> straight back; function body NOT run;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#4C4F69;--shiki-dark:#CDD6F4;"> no DB connection opened"]</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#4C4F69;--shiki-dark:#CDD6F4;"> MODE -->|"yes — transform"| OUT2["bind response into _proxy_* params,</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#4C4F69;--shiki-dark:#CDD6F4;"> run the function, return its result"]</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#4C4F69;--shiki-dark:#CDD6F4;"> OUT1 --> CL["Client"]</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#4C4F69;--shiki-dark:#CDD6F4;"> OUT2 --> CL</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br></div></div><ul><li><strong>Passthrough</strong> — no <code>_proxy_*</code> parameters. NpgsqlRest streams the upstream response directly back to the client. The function body is <strong>never executed</strong> and <strong>no database connection is opened</strong>. This is a pure reverse proxy.</li><li><strong>Transform</strong> — the routine declares <code>_proxy_*</code> parameters. NpgsqlRest performs the upstream call, binds the response into those parameters, runs your function, and returns <strong>the function's</strong> result.</li></ul><h2 id="enabling-the-proxy" tabindex="-1">Enabling the proxy <a class="header-anchor" href="#enabling-the-proxy" aria-label="Permalink to "Enabling the proxy""></a></h2><details class="code-collapsible" open><summary>json</summary><div class="language-json vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">json</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes catppuccin-latte catppuccin-mocha vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#7C7F93;--shiki-dark:#9399B2;">{</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#7C7F93;--shiki-dark:#9399B2;"> "</span><span style="--shiki-light:#1E66F5;--shiki-dark:#89B4FA;">NpgsqlRest</span><span style="--shiki-light:#7C7F93;--shiki-dark:#9399B2;">"</span><span style="--shiki-light:#7C7F93;--shiki-dark:#9399B2;">:</span><span style="--shiki-light:#7C7F93;--shiki-dark:#9399B2;"> {</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#7C7F93;--shiki-dark:#9399B2;"> "</span><span style="--shiki-light:#1E66F5;--shiki-dark:#89B4FA;">ProxyOptions</span><span style="--shiki-light:#7C7F93;--shiki-dark:#9399B2;">"</span><span style="--shiki-light:#7C7F93;--shiki-dark:#9399B2;">:</span><span style="--shiki-light:#7C7F93;--shiki-dark:#9399B2;"> {</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#7C7F93;--shiki-dark:#9399B2;"> "</span><span style="--shiki-light:#1E66F5;--shiki-dark:#89B4FA;">Enabled</span><span style="--shiki-light:#7C7F93;--shiki-dark:#9399B2;">"</span><span style="--shiki-light:#7C7F93;--shiki-dark:#9399B2;">:</span><span style="--shiki-light:#FE640B;--shiki-dark:#FAB387;"> true</span><span style="--shiki-light:#7C7F93;--shiki-dark:#9399B2;">,</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#7C7F93;--shiki-dark:#9399B2;"> "</span><span style="--shiki-light:#1E66F5;--shiki-dark:#89B4FA;">Host</span><span style="--shiki-light:#7C7F93;--shiki-dark:#9399B2;">"</span><span style="--shiki-light:#7C7F93;--shiki-dark:#9399B2;">:</span><span style="--shiki-light:#40A02B;--shiki-dark:#A6E3A1;"> "http://localhost:3001"</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#7C7F93;--shiki-dark:#9399B2;"> }</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#7C7F93;--shiki-dark:#9399B2;"> }</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#7C7F93;--shiki-dark:#9399B2;">}</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br></div></div></details><p><code>Host</code> is the default upstream; an annotation can override it per endpoint (see <a href="#where-the-request-goes-target-url">target URL</a>).</p><h2 id="passthrough-mode" tabindex="-1">Passthrough mode <a class="header-anchor" href="#passthrough-mode" aria-label="Permalink to "Passthrough mode""></a></h2><p>The simplest proxy: forward and stream back. No <code>_proxy_*</code> parameters, so the body never runs.</p><div class="vp-code-group vp-adaptive-theme"><div class="tabs"><input type="radio" name="group-DH0Gj" id="tab-5cph36P" checked><label data-title="Function" for="tab-5cph36P">Function</label><input type="radio" name="group-DH0Gj" id="tab-AHrAKJd"><label data-title="SQL file" for="tab-AHrAKJd">SQL file</label></div><div class="blocks"><div class="language-sql vp-adaptive-theme active line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">sql</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes catppuccin-latte catppuccin-mocha vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#8839EF;--shiki-dark:#CBA6F7;">create</span><span style="--shiki-light:#8839EF;--shiki-dark:#CBA6F7;"> function</span><span style="--shiki-light:#1E66F5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#89B4FA;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic;"> service_status</span><span style="--shiki-light:#7C7F93;--shiki-dark:#9399B2;">()</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#8839EF;--shiki-dark:#CBA6F7;">returns</span><span style="--shiki-light:#4C4F69;--shiki-dark:#CDD6F4;"> void</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#8839EF;--shiki-dark:#CBA6F7;">language</span><span style="--shiki-light:#4C4F69;--shiki-dark:#CDD6F4;"> plpgsql</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#8839EF;--shiki-dark:#CBA6F7;">as</span><span style="--shiki-light:#4C4F69;--shiki-dark:#CDD6F4;"> $$ </span><span style="--shiki-light:#8839EF;--shiki-dark:#CBA6F7;">begin</span><span style="--shiki-light:#8839EF;--shiki-dark:#CBA6F7;"> end</span><span style="--shiki-light:#4C4F69;--shiki-dark:#CDD6F4;">; $$; </span><span style="--shiki-light:#9CA0B0;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#6C7086;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic;">-- body is never executed in passthrough mode</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#8839EF;--shiki-dark:#CBA6F7;">comment on function service_status() is </span><span style="--shiki-light:#40A02B;--shiki-dark:#A6E3A1;">'</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#40A02B;--shiki-dark:#A6E3A1;">HTTP GET /status</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#40A02B;--shiki-dark:#A6E3A1;">@proxy http://internal-service:8080'</span><span style="--shiki-light:#4C4F69;--shiki-dark:#CDD6F4;">;</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br></div></div><div class="language-sql vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">sql</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes catppuccin-latte catppuccin-mocha vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#9CA0B0;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#6C7086;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic;">-- sql/status.sql</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#9CA0B0;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#6C7086;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic;">/*</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#9CA0B0;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#6C7086;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic;">HTTP GET /status</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#9CA0B0;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#6C7086;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic;">@proxy http://internal-service:8080</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#9CA0B0;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#6C7086;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic;">*/</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#8839EF;--shiki-dark:#CBA6F7;">select</span><span style="--shiki-light:#4C4F69;--shiki-dark:#CDD6F4;">; </span><span style="--shiki-light:#9CA0B0;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#6C7086;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic;">-- never executed; the endpoint just forwards</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br></div></div></div></div><p><code>GET /status</code> is forwarded to <code>http://internal-service:8080/status</code> and the upstream response is streamed back unchanged. Because no DB connection is opened, passthrough proxying is cheap — useful for putting NpgsqlRest's auth, CORS, rate limiting, or TLS in front of a plain internal service.</p><div class="warning custom-block"><p class="custom-block-title">Passthrough does not run your SQL</p><p>If you need the function body to execute (to log, cache, or reshape), you're in <strong>transform</strong> mode — you must declare at least one <code>_proxy_*</code> parameter. A passthrough endpoint's body is dead code.</p></div><h2 id="transform-mode" tabindex="-1">Transform mode <a class="header-anchor" href="#transform-mode" aria-label="Permalink to "Transform mode""></a></h2><p>Declare the response parameters and NpgsqlRest hands you the upstream response to do with as you like. All parameters are optional — declare only the ones you need:</p><div class="table-container"><div class="table-wrapper"><table tabindex="0"><thead><tr><th>Parameter</th><th>Type</th><th>Meaning</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><code>_proxy_status_code</code></td><td><code>int</code> (or <code>text</code>)</td><td>Upstream HTTP status code.</td></tr><tr><td><code>_proxy_body</code></td><td><code>text</code></td><td>Response body (<code>null</code> if empty).</td></tr><tr><td><code>_proxy_headers</code></td><td><code>json</code></td><td>Response headers as JSON.</td></tr><tr><td><code>_proxy_content_type</code></td><td><code>text</code></td><td><code>Content-Type</code> of the response.</td></tr><tr><td><code>_proxy_success</code></td><td><code>boolean</code></td><td><code>true</code> for a <code>2xx</code> status.</td></tr><tr><td><code>_proxy_error_message</code></td><td><code>text</code></td><td>Set if the call failed (timeout, connection error); else <code>null</code>.</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><details class="code-collapsible" open><summary>sql</summary><div class="language-sql vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">sql</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes catppuccin-latte catppuccin-mocha vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#8839EF;--shiki-dark:#CBA6F7;">create</span><span style="--shiki-light:#8839EF;--shiki-dark:#CBA6F7;"> function</span><span style="--shiki-light:#1E66F5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#89B4FA;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic;"> fetch_and_wrap</span><span style="--shiki-light:#4C4F69;--shiki-dark:#CDD6F4;">(</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#4C4F69;--shiki-dark:#CDD6F4;"> _proxy_status_code </span><span style="--shiki-light:#8839EF;--shiki-dark:#CBA6F7;">int</span><span style="--shiki-light:#8839EF;--shiki-dark:#CBA6F7;"> default</span><span style="--shiki-light:#8839EF;--shiki-dark:#CBA6F7;"> null</span><span style="--shiki-light:#4C4F69;--shiki-dark:#CDD6F4;">,</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#4C4F69;--shiki-dark:#CDD6F4;"> _proxy_body </span><span style="--shiki-light:#8839EF;--shiki-dark:#CBA6F7;">text</span><span style="--shiki-light:#8839EF;--shiki-dark:#CBA6F7;"> default</span><span style="--shiki-light:#8839EF;--shiki-dark:#CBA6F7;"> null</span><span style="--shiki-light:#4C4F69;--shiki-dark:#CDD6F4;">,</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#4C4F69;--shiki-dark:#CDD6F4;"> _proxy_success </span><span style="--shiki-light:#8839EF;--shiki-dark:#CBA6F7;">boolean</span><span style="--shiki-light:#8839EF;--shiki-dark:#CBA6F7;"> default</span><span style="--shiki-light:#8839EF;--shiki-dark:#CBA6F7;"> null</span><span style="--shiki-light:#4C4F69;--shiki-dark:#CDD6F4;">,</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#4C4F69;--shiki-dark:#CDD6F4;"> _proxy_error_message </span><span style="--shiki-light:#8839EF;--shiki-dark:#CBA6F7;">text</span><span style="--shiki-light:#8839EF;--shiki-dark:#CBA6F7;"> default</span><span style="--shiki-light:#8839EF;--shiki-dark:#CBA6F7;"> null</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#4C4F69;--shiki-dark:#CDD6F4;">)</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#8839EF;--shiki-dark:#CBA6F7;">returns</span><span style="--shiki-light:#8839EF;--shiki-dark:#CBA6F7;"> json</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#8839EF;--shiki-dark:#CBA6F7;">language</span><span style="--shiki-light:#4C4F69;--shiki-dark:#CDD6F4;"> plpgsql</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#8839EF;--shiki-dark:#CBA6F7;">as</span><span style="--shiki-light:#4C4F69;--shiki-dark:#CDD6F4;"> $$</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#8839EF;--shiki-dark:#CBA6F7;">begin</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#8839EF;--shiki-dark:#CBA6F7;"> if</span><span style="--shiki-light:#8839EF;--shiki-dark:#CBA6F7;"> not</span><span style="--shiki-light:#4C4F69;--shiki-dark:#CDD6F4;"> _proxy_success </span><span style="--shiki-light:#8839EF;--shiki-dark:#CBA6F7;">then</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#8839EF;--shiki-dark:#CBA6F7;"> return</span><span style="--shiki-light:#4C4F69;--shiki-dark:#CDD6F4;"> json_build_object(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#40A02B;--shiki-dark:#A6E3A1;">'error'</span><span style="--shiki-light:#4C4F69;--shiki-dark:#CDD6F4;">, </span><span style="--shiki-light:#1E66F5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#89B4FA;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic;">coalesce</span><span style="--shiki-light:#4C4F69;--shiki-dark:#CDD6F4;">(_proxy_error_message, </span><span style="--shiki-light:#40A02B;--shiki-dark:#A6E3A1;">'upstream failed'</span><span style="--shiki-light:#4C4F69;--shiki-dark:#CDD6F4;">),</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#40A02B;--shiki-dark:#A6E3A1;"> 'status'</span><span style="--shiki-light:#4C4F69;--shiki-dark:#CDD6F4;">, _proxy_status_code);</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#8839EF;--shiki-dark:#CBA6F7;"> end</span><span style="--shiki-light:#8839EF;--shiki-dark:#CBA6F7;"> if</span><span style="--shiki-light:#4C4F69;--shiki-dark:#CDD6F4;">;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#8839EF;--shiki-dark:#CBA6F7;"> return</span><span style="--shiki-light:#4C4F69;--shiki-dark:#CDD6F4;"> json_build_object(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#40A02B;--shiki-dark:#A6E3A1;">'status'</span><span style="--shiki-light:#4C4F69;--shiki-dark:#CDD6F4;">, _proxy_status_code, </span><span style="--shiki-light:#40A02B;--shiki-dark:#A6E3A1;">'data'</span><span style="--shiki-light:#4C4F69;--shiki-dark:#CDD6F4;">, _proxy_body::</span><span style="--shiki-light:#8839EF;--shiki-dark:#CBA6F7;">json</span><span style="--shiki-light:#4C4F69;--shiki-dark:#CDD6F4;">);</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#8839EF;--shiki-dark:#CBA6F7;">end</span><span style="--shiki-light:#4C4F69;--shiki-dark:#CDD6F4;">;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#4C4F69;--shiki-dark:#CDD6F4;">$$;</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#8839EF;--shiki-dark:#CBA6F7;">comment on function fetch_and_wrap(int, text, boolean, text) is </span><span style="--shiki-light:#40A02B;--shiki-dark:#A6E3A1;">'</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#40A02B;--shiki-dark:#A6E3A1;">HTTP GET /wrapped</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#40A02B;--shiki-dark:#A6E3A1;">@authorize</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#40A02B;--shiki-dark:#A6E3A1;">@proxy https://api.example.com/data'</span><span style="--shiki-light:#4C4F69;--shiki-dark:#CDD6F4;">;</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br></div></div></details><p>Here NpgsqlRest calls the upstream, fills the four parameters, runs <code>fetch_and_wrap</code>, and returns <em>its</em> JSON — letting you handle errors, cache the body in a table, or merge it with database data before responding. (The <code>_proxy_*</code> names are <a href="#configuration">configurable</a>.)</p><h2 id="where-the-request-goes-target-url" tabindex="-1">Where the request goes: target URL <a class="header-anchor" href="#where-the-request-goes-target-url" aria-label="Permalink to "Where the request goes: target URL""></a></h2><p>The upstream target is built as:</p><details class="code-collapsible" open><summary>code</summary><div class="language- vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang"></span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes catppuccin-latte catppuccin-mocha vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span>target = host + incoming request path + incoming query string</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div></details><p>The <strong>host</strong> comes from the annotation if present, otherwise from <code>ProxyOptions.Host</code>. A <strong>relative</strong> annotation path makes it a self-call:</p><div class="table-container"><div class="table-wrapper"><table tabindex="0"><thead><tr><th>Annotation</th><th><code>ProxyOptions.Host</code></th><th>Resolved target</th><th style="text-align:center;">Self-call?</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><code>@proxy</code></td><td><code>https://api.example.com</code></td><td><code>https://api.example.com</code> + path + query</td><td style="text-align:center;">no</td></tr><tr><td><code>@proxy POST</code></td><td><code>https://api.example.com</code></td><td>same host, upstream method forced to <code>POST</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">no</td></tr><tr><td><code>@proxy https://other.com</code></td><td><code>https://api.example.com</code></td><td><code>https://other.com</code> + path + query</td><td style="text-align:center;">no</td></tr><tr><td><code>@proxy /api/data</code></td><td><em>(any)</em></td><td><code>/api/data</code> — internal call, no network</td><td style="text-align:center;"><strong>yes</strong></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><p>The optional <code>[METHOD]</code> lets the upstream verb differ from the incoming one (e.g. accept a <code>GET</code> from clients but call the upstream with <code>POST</code>). A <strong>relative</strong> target (<code>@proxy /api/other</code>) is dispatched in-process to another of your endpoints with no HTTP round trip.</p><h2 id="forwarding-headers-claims-and-ip" tabindex="-1">Forwarding headers, claims, and IP <a class="header-anchor" href="#forwarding-headers-claims-and-ip" aria-label="Permalink to "Forwarding headers, claims, and IP""></a></h2><p>By default request and response headers are forwarded (minus a small exclude list). On top of that, NpgsqlRest can forward the <strong>authenticated identity</strong> to the upstream automatically — so the backend can trust who the caller is without re-doing auth:</p><ul><li><strong><a href="./../annotations/user-parameters.html"><code>@user_parameters</code></a></strong> — user claims, the client IP, HTTP-Custom-Type fields, and resolved-parameter values are forwarded in the endpoint's native shape: <strong>query-string parameters</strong> for <code>QueryString</code> endpoints, or <strong>merged into the JSON body</strong> for <code>BodyJson</code> endpoints.</li><li><strong><a href="./../annotations/user-context.html"><code>@user_context</code></a></strong> — the claims and client IP are forwarded as <strong>HTTP headers</strong> (one per <code>ContextKeyClaimsMapping</code> entry, plus a claims-JSON header and an IP header).</li></ul><details class="code-collapsible" open><summary>sql</summary><div class="language-sql vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">sql</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes catppuccin-latte catppuccin-mocha vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#8839EF;--shiki-dark:#CBA6F7;">create</span><span style="--shiki-light:#8839EF;--shiki-dark:#CBA6F7;"> function</span><span style="--shiki-light:#1E66F5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#89B4FA;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic;"> secure_gateway</span><span style="--shiki-light:#4C4F69;--shiki-dark:#CDD6F4;">(</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#4C4F69;--shiki-dark:#CDD6F4;"> _user_id </span><span style="--shiki-light:#8839EF;--shiki-dark:#CBA6F7;">text</span><span style="--shiki-light:#8839EF;--shiki-dark:#CBA6F7;"> default</span><span style="--shiki-light:#8839EF;--shiki-dark:#CBA6F7;"> null</span><span style="--shiki-light:#4C4F69;--shiki-dark:#CDD6F4;">, </span><span style="--shiki-light:#9CA0B0;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#6C7086;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic;">-- forwarded upstream as ?userId=…</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#4C4F69;--shiki-dark:#CDD6F4;"> _user_name </span><span style="--shiki-light:#8839EF;--shiki-dark:#CBA6F7;">text</span><span style="--shiki-light:#8839EF;--shiki-dark:#CBA6F7;"> default</span><span style="--shiki-light:#8839EF;--shiki-dark:#CBA6F7;"> null</span><span style="--shiki-light:#9CA0B0;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#6C7086;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic;"> -- forwarded upstream as ?userName=…</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#4C4F69;--shiki-dark:#CDD6F4;">)</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#8839EF;--shiki-dark:#CBA6F7;">returns</span><span style="--shiki-light:#4C4F69;--shiki-dark:#CDD6F4;"> void</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#8839EF;--shiki-dark:#CBA6F7;">language</span><span style="--shiki-light:#4C4F69;--shiki-dark:#CDD6F4;"> plpgsql</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#8839EF;--shiki-dark:#CBA6F7;">as</span><span style="--shiki-light:#4C4F69;--shiki-dark:#CDD6F4;"> $$ </span><span style="--shiki-light:#8839EF;--shiki-dark:#CBA6F7;">begin</span><span style="--shiki-light:#8839EF;--shiki-dark:#CBA6F7;"> end</span><span style="--shiki-light:#4C4F69;--shiki-dark:#CDD6F4;">; $$;</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#8839EF;--shiki-dark:#CBA6F7;">comment on function secure_gateway(text, text) is </span><span style="--shiki-light:#40A02B;--shiki-dark:#A6E3A1;">'</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#40A02B;--shiki-dark:#A6E3A1;">HTTP GET /gateway</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#40A02B;--shiki-dark:#A6E3A1;">@authorize</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#40A02B;--shiki-dark:#A6E3A1;">@user_parameters</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#40A02B;--shiki-dark:#A6E3A1;">@proxy https://internal-api/secure'</span><span style="--shiki-light:#4C4F69;--shiki-dark:#CDD6F4;">;</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br></div></div></details><div class="info custom-block"><p class="custom-block-title">Long values are guarded</p><p>Automatic values appended to the upstream <strong>query string</strong> are capped by <code>MaxForwardedQueryParamLength</code> (default <code>2048</code>). A longer value is skipped with a warning rather than producing an unusable request line. Use a <code>BodyJson</code> endpoint if you must forward large values.</p></div><h2 id="forward-proxy-send-a-function-result-upstream" tabindex="-1">Forward proxy: send a function result upstream <a class="header-anchor" href="#forward-proxy-send-a-function-result-upstream" aria-label="Permalink to "Forward proxy: send a function result upstream""></a></h2><p><a href="./../annotations/proxy-out.html"><code>@proxy_out</code></a> (alias <code>@forward_proxy</code>) reverses the order: your function runs <strong>first</strong>, and <strong>its result is sent as the request body</strong> to the upstream, whose response is returned to the client. Use it to build a payload in SQL and hand it to a rendering/processing service:</p><div class="vp-code-group vp-adaptive-theme"><div class="tabs"><input type="radio" name="group-glzPV" id="tab-LCOiN0H" checked><label data-title="Function" for="tab-LCOiN0H">Function</label><input type="radio" name="group-glzPV" id="tab-PHpDGdQ"><label data-title="SQL file" for="tab-PHpDGdQ">SQL file</label></div><div class="blocks"><div class="language-sql vp-adaptive-theme active line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">sql</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes catppuccin-latte catppuccin-mocha vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#8839EF;--shiki-dark:#CBA6F7;">create</span><span style="--shiki-light:#8839EF;--shiki-dark:#CBA6F7;"> function</span><span style="--shiki-light:#1E66F5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#89B4FA;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic;"> generate_report</span><span style="--shiki-light:#4C4F69;--shiki-dark:#CDD6F4;">(_report_id </span><span style="--shiki-light:#8839EF;--shiki-dark:#CBA6F7;">int</span><span style="--shiki-light:#4C4F69;--shiki-dark:#CDD6F4;">)</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#8839EF;--shiki-dark:#CBA6F7;">returns</span><span style="--shiki-light:#8839EF;--shiki-dark:#CBA6F7;"> json</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#8839EF;--shiki-dark:#CBA6F7;">language</span><span style="--shiki-light:#8839EF;--shiki-dark:#CBA6F7;"> sql</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#8839EF;--shiki-dark:#CBA6F7;">as</span><span style="--shiki-light:#4C4F69;--shiki-dark:#CDD6F4;"> $$</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#8839EF;--shiki-dark:#CBA6F7;"> select</span><span style="--shiki-light:#4C4F69;--shiki-dark:#CDD6F4;"> json_build_object(</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#40A02B;--shiki-dark:#A6E3A1;"> 'title'</span><span style="--shiki-light:#4C4F69;--shiki-dark:#CDD6F4;">, </span><span style="--shiki-light:#40A02B;--shiki-dark:#A6E3A1;">'Monthly Report'</span><span style="--shiki-light:#4C4F69;--shiki-dark:#CDD6F4;">,</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#40A02B;--shiki-dark:#A6E3A1;"> 'rows'</span><span style="--shiki-light:#4C4F69;--shiki-dark:#CDD6F4;">, (</span><span style="--shiki-light:#8839EF;--shiki-dark:#CBA6F7;">select</span><span style="--shiki-light:#4C4F69;--shiki-dark:#CDD6F4;"> json_agg(row_to_json(s)) </span><span style="--shiki-light:#8839EF;--shiki-dark:#CBA6F7;">from</span><span style="--shiki-light:#4C4F69;--shiki-dark:#CDD6F4;"> sales s </span><span style="--shiki-light:#8839EF;--shiki-dark:#CBA6F7;">where</span><span style="--shiki-light:#4C4F69;--shiki-dark:#CDD6F4;"> s.month </span><span style="--shiki-light:#179299;--shiki-dark:#94E2D5;">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#4C4F69;--shiki-dark:#CDD6F4;"> _report_id));</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#4C4F69;--shiki-dark:#CDD6F4;">$$;</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#8839EF;--shiki-dark:#CBA6F7;">comment on function generate_report(int) is </span><span style="--shiki-light:#40A02B;--shiki-dark:#A6E3A1;">'</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#40A02B;--shiki-dark:#A6E3A1;">HTTP GET /report</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#40A02B;--shiki-dark:#A6E3A1;">@proxy_out POST https://render-service.internal/render'</span><span style="--shiki-light:#4C4F69;--shiki-dark:#CDD6F4;">;</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br></div></div><div class="language-sql vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">sql</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes catppuccin-latte catppuccin-mocha vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#9CA0B0;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#6C7086;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic;">-- sql/report.sql</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#9CA0B0;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#6C7086;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic;">/*</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#9CA0B0;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#6C7086;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic;">HTTP GET /report</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#9CA0B0;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#6C7086;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic;">@proxy_out POST https://render-service.internal/render</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#9CA0B0;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#6C7086;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic;">*/</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#8839EF;--shiki-dark:#CBA6F7;">select</span><span style="--shiki-light:#4C4F69;--shiki-dark:#CDD6F4;"> json_build_object(</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#40A02B;--shiki-dark:#A6E3A1;"> 'title'</span><span style="--shiki-light:#4C4F69;--shiki-dark:#CDD6F4;">, </span><span style="--shiki-light:#40A02B;--shiki-dark:#A6E3A1;">'Monthly Report'</span><span style="--shiki-light:#4C4F69;--shiki-dark:#CDD6F4;">,</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#40A02B;--shiki-dark:#A6E3A1;"> 'rows'</span><span style="--shiki-light:#4C4F69;--shiki-dark:#CDD6F4;">, (</span><span style="--shiki-light:#8839EF;--shiki-dark:#CBA6F7;">select</span><span style="--shiki-light:#4C4F69;--shiki-dark:#CDD6F4;"> json_agg(row_to_json(s)) </span><span style="--shiki-light:#8839EF;--shiki-dark:#CBA6F7;">from</span><span style="--shiki-light:#4C4F69;--shiki-dark:#CDD6F4;"> sales s </span><span style="--shiki-light:#8839EF;--shiki-dark:#CBA6F7;">where</span><span style="--shiki-light:#4C4F69;--shiki-dark:#CDD6F4;"> s.month </span><span style="--shiki-light:#179299;--shiki-dark:#94E2D5;">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#4C4F69;--shiki-dark:#CDD6F4;"> :report_id));</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br></div></div></div></div><p><code>GET /report?reportId=3</code> runs <code>generate_report</code>, POSTs its JSON to the render service, and returns the rendered response. If the <strong>function</strong> fails, the error goes straight to the client and the upstream is never called; if the <strong>upstream</strong> fails, its status/body are forwarded (502 for connection errors, 504 for timeouts).</p><h2 id="configuration" tabindex="-1">Configuration <a class="header-anchor" href="#configuration" aria-label="Permalink to "Configuration""></a></h2><p>All under <code>NpgsqlRest.ProxyOptions</code>:</p><div class="table-container"><div class="table-wrapper"><table tabindex="0"><thead><tr><th>Setting</th><th>Default</th><th>Description</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><code>Enabled</code></td><td><code>false</code></td><td><strong>Must be <code>true</code></strong> for proxy annotations to work.</td></tr><tr><td><code>Host</code></td><td><code>null</code></td><td>Default upstream host. Used when an annotation has no URL; ignored when it specifies one.</td></tr><tr><td><code>DefaultTimeout</code></td><td><code>"00:00:30"</code></td><td>Per-request timeout (<code>HH:MM:SS</code> or interval format).</td></tr><tr><td><code>ForwardHeaders</code></td><td><code>true</code></td><td>Forward request headers upstream.</td></tr><tr><td><code>ExcludeHeaders</code></td><td><code>["Host", "Content-Length", "Transfer-Encoding"]</code></td><td>Request headers not forwarded.</td></tr><tr><td><code>ForwardResponseHeaders</code></td><td><code>true</code></td><td>Forward upstream response headers to the client.</td></tr><tr><td><code>ExcludeResponseHeaders</code></td><td><code>["Transfer-Encoding", "Content-Length"]</code></td><td>Response headers not forwarded.</td></tr><tr><td><code>ForwardUploadContent</code></td><td><code>false</code></td><td>Forward raw <code>multipart/form-data</code> upstream instead of processing it locally.</td></tr><tr><td><code>MaxForwardedQueryParamLength</code></td><td><code>2048</code></td><td>Max length of a single auto-forwarded query value (<code>0</code> disables the guard).</td></tr><tr><td><code>Response*Parameter</code></td><td><code>_proxy_status_code</code>, <code>_proxy_body</code>, <code>_proxy_headers</code>, <code>_proxy_content_type</code>, <code>_proxy_success</code>, <code>_proxy_error_message</code></td><td>Names of the transform-mode response parameters.</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><details class="code-collapsible" open><summary>json</summary><div class="language-json vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">json</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes catppuccin-latte catppuccin-mocha vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#7C7F93;--shiki-dark:#9399B2;">{</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#7C7F93;--shiki-dark:#9399B2;"> "</span><span style="--shiki-light:#1E66F5;--shiki-dark:#89B4FA;">NpgsqlRest</span><span style="--shiki-light:#7C7F93;--shiki-dark:#9399B2;">"</span><span style="--shiki-light:#7C7F93;--shiki-dark:#9399B2;">:</span><span style="--shiki-light:#7C7F93;--shiki-dark:#9399B2;"> {</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#7C7F93;--shiki-dark:#9399B2;"> "</span><span style="--shiki-light:#1E66F5;--shiki-dark:#89B4FA;">ProxyOptions</span><span style="--shiki-light:#7C7F93;--shiki-dark:#9399B2;">"</span><span style="--shiki-light:#7C7F93;--shiki-dark:#9399B2;">:</span><span style="--shiki-light:#7C7F93;--shiki-dark:#9399B2;"> {</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#7C7F93;--shiki-dark:#9399B2;"> "</span><span style="--shiki-light:#1E66F5;--shiki-dark:#89B4FA;">Enabled</span><span style="--shiki-light:#7C7F93;--shiki-dark:#9399B2;">"</span><span style="--shiki-light:#7C7F93;--shiki-dark:#9399B2;">:</span><span style="--shiki-light:#FE640B;--shiki-dark:#FAB387;"> true</span><span style="--shiki-light:#7C7F93;--shiki-dark:#9399B2;">,</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#7C7F93;--shiki-dark:#9399B2;"> "</span><span style="--shiki-light:#1E66F5;--shiki-dark:#89B4FA;">Host</span><span style="--shiki-light:#7C7F93;--shiki-dark:#9399B2;">"</span><span style="--shiki-light:#7C7F93;--shiki-dark:#9399B2;">:</span><span style="--shiki-light:#40A02B;--shiki-dark:#A6E3A1;"> "http://localhost:3001"</span><span style="--shiki-light:#7C7F93;--shiki-dark:#9399B2;">,</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#7C7F93;--shiki-dark:#9399B2;"> "</span><span style="--shiki-light:#1E66F5;--shiki-dark:#89B4FA;">DefaultTimeout</span><span style="--shiki-light:#7C7F93;--shiki-dark:#9399B2;">"</span><span style="--shiki-light:#7C7F93;--shiki-dark:#9399B2;">:</span><span style="--shiki-light:#40A02B;--shiki-dark:#A6E3A1;"> "00:00:30"</span><span style="--shiki-light:#7C7F93;--shiki-dark:#9399B2;">,</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#7C7F93;--shiki-dark:#9399B2;"> "</span><span style="--shiki-light:#1E66F5;--shiki-dark:#89B4FA;">ForwardHeaders</span><span style="--shiki-light:#7C7F93;--shiki-dark:#9399B2;">"</span><span style="--shiki-light:#7C7F93;--shiki-dark:#9399B2;">:</span><span style="--shiki-light:#FE640B;--shiki-dark:#FAB387;"> true</span><span style="--shiki-light:#7C7F93;--shiki-dark:#9399B2;">,</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#7C7F93;--shiki-dark:#9399B2;"> "</span><span style="--shiki-light:#1E66F5;--shiki-dark:#89B4FA;">ForwardResponseHeaders</span><span style="--shiki-light:#7C7F93;--shiki-dark:#9399B2;">"</span><span style="--shiki-light:#7C7F93;--shiki-dark:#9399B2;">:</span><span style="--shiki-light:#FE640B;--shiki-dark:#FAB387;"> true</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#7C7F93;--shiki-dark:#9399B2;"> }</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#7C7F93;--shiki-dark:#9399B2;"> }</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#7C7F93;--shiki-dark:#9399B2;">}</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br></div></div></details><h2 id="a-complete-example-cached-ai-gateway" tabindex="-1">A complete example: cached AI gateway <a class="header-anchor" href="#a-complete-example-cached-ai-gateway" aria-label="Permalink to "A complete example: cached AI gateway""></a></h2><p>This transform-mode endpoint proxies a request to an AI service, but <strong>caches</strong> each result in a table so repeated inputs never hit the upstream twice — a database-backed cache in front of a slow/expensive API.</p><details class="code-collapsible" open><summary>sql</summary><div class="language-sql vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">sql</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes catppuccin-latte catppuccin-mocha vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#8839EF;--shiki-dark:#CBA6F7;">create</span><span style="--shiki-light:#8839EF;--shiki-dark:#CBA6F7;"> function</span><span style="--shiki-light:#1E66F5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#89B4FA;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic;"> ai_sentiment</span><span style="--shiki-light:#4C4F69;--shiki-dark:#CDD6F4;">(</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#4C4F69;--shiki-dark:#CDD6F4;"> _text </span><span style="--shiki-light:#8839EF;--shiki-dark:#CBA6F7;">text</span><span style="--shiki-light:#4C4F69;--shiki-dark:#CDD6F4;">,</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#4C4F69;--shiki-dark:#CDD6F4;"> _proxy_status_code </span><span style="--shiki-light:#8839EF;--shiki-dark:#CBA6F7;">int</span><span style="--shiki-light:#8839EF;--shiki-dark:#CBA6F7;"> default</span><span style="--shiki-light:#8839EF;--shiki-dark:#CBA6F7;"> null</span><span style="--shiki-light:#4C4F69;--shiki-dark:#CDD6F4;">,</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#4C4F69;--shiki-dark:#CDD6F4;"> _proxy_body </span><span style="--shiki-light:#8839EF;--shiki-dark:#CBA6F7;">text</span><span style="--shiki-light:#8839EF;--shiki-dark:#CBA6F7;"> default</span><span style="--shiki-light:#8839EF;--shiki-dark:#CBA6F7;"> null</span><span style="--shiki-light:#4C4F69;--shiki-dark:#CDD6F4;">,</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#4C4F69;--shiki-dark:#CDD6F4;"> _proxy_success </span><span style="--shiki-light:#8839EF;--shiki-dark:#CBA6F7;">boolean</span><span style="--shiki-light:#8839EF;--shiki-dark:#CBA6F7;"> default</span><span style="--shiki-light:#8839EF;--shiki-dark:#CBA6F7;"> null</span><span style="--shiki-light:#4C4F69;--shiki-dark:#CDD6F4;">,</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#4C4F69;--shiki-dark:#CDD6F4;"> _proxy_error_message </span><span style="--shiki-light:#8839EF;--shiki-dark:#CBA6F7;">text</span><span style="--shiki-light:#8839EF;--shiki-dark:#CBA6F7;"> default</span><span style="--shiki-light:#8839EF;--shiki-dark:#CBA6F7;"> null</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#4C4F69;--shiki-dark:#CDD6F4;">)</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#8839EF;--shiki-dark:#CBA6F7;">returns</span><span style="--shiki-light:#8839EF;--shiki-dark:#CBA6F7;"> json</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#8839EF;--shiki-dark:#CBA6F7;">language</span><span style="--shiki-light:#4C4F69;--shiki-dark:#CDD6F4;"> plpgsql</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#8839EF;--shiki-dark:#CBA6F7;">as</span><span style="--shiki-light:#4C4F69;--shiki-dark:#CDD6F4;"> $$</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#8839EF;--shiki-dark:#CBA6F7;">declare</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#4C4F69;--shiki-dark:#CDD6F4;"> _hash </span><span style="--shiki-light:#8839EF;--shiki-dark:#CBA6F7;">text</span><span style="--shiki-light:#4C4F69;--shiki-dark:#CDD6F4;"> :</span><span style="--shiki-light:#179299;--shiki-dark:#94E2D5;">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#4C4F69;--shiki-dark:#CDD6F4;"> md5(_text </span><span style="--shiki-light:#179299;--shiki-dark:#94E2D5;">||</span><span style="--shiki-light:#40A02B;--shiki-dark:#A6E3A1;"> '::sentiment'</span><span style="--shiki-light:#4C4F69;--shiki-dark:#CDD6F4;">);</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#4C4F69;--shiki-dark:#CDD6F4;"> _cached record;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#4C4F69;--shiki-dark:#CDD6F4;"> _result </span><span style="--shiki-light:#8839EF;--shiki-dark:#CBA6F7;">json</span><span style="--shiki-light:#4C4F69;--shiki-dark:#CDD6F4;">;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#8839EF;--shiki-dark:#CBA6F7;">begin</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#9CA0B0;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#6C7086;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic;"> -- 1. serve from the database cache when present</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#8839EF;--shiki-dark:#CBA6F7;"> select</span><span style="--shiki-light:#4C4F69;--shiki-dark:#CDD6F4;"> sentiment, sentiment_score </span><span style="--shiki-light:#8839EF;--shiki-dark:#CBA6F7;">into</span><span style="--shiki-light:#4C4F69;--shiki-dark:#CDD6F4;"> _cached</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#8839EF;--shiki-dark:#CBA6F7;"> from</span><span style="--shiki-light:#4C4F69;--shiki-dark:#CDD6F4;"> analysis_cache </span><span style="--shiki-light:#8839EF;--shiki-dark:#CBA6F7;">where</span><span style="--shiki-light:#4C4F69;--shiki-dark:#CDD6F4;"> text_hash </span><span style="--shiki-light:#179299;--shiki-dark:#94E2D5;">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#4C4F69;--shiki-dark:#CDD6F4;"> _hash;</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#8839EF;--shiki-dark:#CBA6F7;"> if</span><span style="--shiki-light:#4C4F69;--shiki-dark:#CDD6F4;"> _cached.sentiment </span><span style="--shiki-light:#8839EF;--shiki-dark:#CBA6F7;">is not null</span><span style="--shiki-light:#8839EF;--shiki-dark:#CBA6F7;"> then</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#8839EF;--shiki-dark:#CBA6F7;"> return</span><span style="--shiki-light:#4C4F69;--shiki-dark:#CDD6F4;"> json_build_object(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#40A02B;--shiki-dark:#A6E3A1;">'sentiment'</span><span style="--shiki-light:#4C4F69;--shiki-dark:#CDD6F4;">, _cached.sentiment,</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#40A02B;--shiki-dark:#A6E3A1;"> 'score'</span><span style="--shiki-light:#4C4F69;--shiki-dark:#CDD6F4;">, _cached.sentiment_score, </span><span style="--shiki-light:#40A02B;--shiki-dark:#A6E3A1;">'cached'</span><span style="--shiki-light:#4C4F69;--shiki-dark:#CDD6F4;">, true);</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#8839EF;--shiki-dark:#CBA6F7;"> end</span><span style="--shiki-light:#8839EF;--shiki-dark:#CBA6F7;"> if</span><span style="--shiki-light:#4C4F69;--shiki-dark:#CDD6F4;">;</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#9CA0B0;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#6C7086;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic;"> -- 2. handle upstream failure</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#8839EF;--shiki-dark:#CBA6F7;"> if</span><span style="--shiki-light:#8839EF;--shiki-dark:#CBA6F7;"> not</span><span style="--shiki-light:#4C4F69;--shiki-dark:#CDD6F4;"> _proxy_success </span><span style="--shiki-light:#8839EF;--shiki-dark:#CBA6F7;">then</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#8839EF;--shiki-dark:#CBA6F7;"> return</span><span style="--shiki-light:#4C4F69;--shiki-dark:#CDD6F4;"> json_build_object(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#40A02B;--shiki-dark:#A6E3A1;">'error'</span><span style="--shiki-light:#4C4F69;--shiki-dark:#CDD6F4;">, </span><span style="--shiki-light:#1E66F5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#89B4FA;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic;">coalesce</span><span style="--shiki-light:#4C4F69;--shiki-dark:#CDD6F4;">(_proxy_error_message, </span><span style="--shiki-light:#40A02B;--shiki-dark:#A6E3A1;">'AI service unavailable'</span><span style="--shiki-light:#4C4F69;--shiki-dark:#CDD6F4;">),</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#40A02B;--shiki-dark:#A6E3A1;"> 'status_code'</span><span style="--shiki-light:#4C4F69;--shiki-dark:#CDD6F4;">, _proxy_status_code);</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#8839EF;--shiki-dark:#CBA6F7;"> end</span><span style="--shiki-light:#8839EF;--shiki-dark:#CBA6F7;"> if</span><span style="--shiki-light:#4C4F69;--shiki-dark:#CDD6F4;">;</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#9CA0B0;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#6C7086;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic;"> -- 3. cache the fresh result and return it</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#4C4F69;--shiki-dark:#CDD6F4;"> _result :</span><span style="--shiki-light:#179299;--shiki-dark:#94E2D5;">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#4C4F69;--shiki-dark:#CDD6F4;"> _proxy_body::</span><span style="--shiki-light:#8839EF;--shiki-dark:#CBA6F7;">json</span><span style="--shiki-light:#4C4F69;--shiki-dark:#CDD6F4;">;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#8839EF;--shiki-dark:#CBA6F7;"> insert into</span><span style="--shiki-light:#4C4F69;--shiki-dark:#CDD6F4;"> analysis_cache (text_hash, sentiment, sentiment_score)</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#8839EF;--shiki-dark:#CBA6F7;"> values</span><span style="--shiki-light:#4C4F69;--shiki-dark:#CDD6F4;"> (_hash, _result</span><span style="--shiki-light:#179299;--shiki-dark:#94E2D5;">->></span><span style="--shiki-light:#40A02B;--shiki-dark:#A6E3A1;">'sentiment'</span><span style="--shiki-light:#4C4F69;--shiki-dark:#CDD6F4;">, (_result</span><span style="--shiki-light:#179299;--shiki-dark:#94E2D5;">->></span><span style="--shiki-light:#40A02B;--shiki-dark:#A6E3A1;">'score'</span><span style="--shiki-light:#4C4F69;--shiki-dark:#CDD6F4;">)::</span><span style="--shiki-light:#8839EF;--shiki-dark:#CBA6F7;">numeric</span><span style="--shiki-light:#4C4F69;--shiki-dark:#CDD6F4;">)</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#8839EF;--shiki-dark:#CBA6F7;"> on</span><span style="--shiki-light:#4C4F69;--shiki-dark:#CDD6F4;"> conflict (text_hash) do nothing;</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#8839EF;--shiki-dark:#CBA6F7;"> return</span><span style="--shiki-light:#4C4F69;--shiki-dark:#CDD6F4;"> json_build_object(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#40A02B;--shiki-dark:#A6E3A1;">'sentiment'</span><span style="--shiki-light:#4C4F69;--shiki-dark:#CDD6F4;">, _result</span><span style="--shiki-light:#179299;--shiki-dark:#94E2D5;">->></span><span style="--shiki-light:#40A02B;--shiki-dark:#A6E3A1;">'sentiment'</span><span style="--shiki-light:#4C4F69;--shiki-dark:#CDD6F4;">,</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#40A02B;--shiki-dark:#A6E3A1;"> 'score'</span><span style="--shiki-light:#4C4F69;--shiki-dark:#CDD6F4;">, (_result</span><span style="--shiki-light:#179299;--shiki-dark:#94E2D5;">->></span><span style="--shiki-light:#40A02B;--shiki-dark:#A6E3A1;">'score'</span><span style="--shiki-light:#4C4F69;--shiki-dark:#CDD6F4;">)::</span><span style="--shiki-light:#8839EF;--shiki-dark:#CBA6F7;">numeric</span><span style="--shiki-light:#4C4F69;--shiki-dark:#CDD6F4;">, </span><span style="--shiki-light:#40A02B;--shiki-dark:#A6E3A1;">'cached'</span><span style="--shiki-light:#4C4F69;--shiki-dark:#CDD6F4;">, false);</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#8839EF;--shiki-dark:#CBA6F7;">end</span><span style="--shiki-light:#4C4F69;--shiki-dark:#CDD6F4;">;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#4C4F69;--shiki-dark:#CDD6F4;">$$;</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#8839EF;--shiki-dark:#CBA6F7;">comment on function ai_sentiment(text, int, text, boolean, text) is </span><span style="--shiki-light:#40A02B;--shiki-dark:#A6E3A1;">'</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#40A02B;--shiki-dark:#A6E3A1;">HTTP POST /ai/sentiment</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#40A02B;--shiki-dark:#A6E3A1;">@authorize</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#40A02B;--shiki-dark:#A6E3A1;">@proxy POST'</span><span style="--shiki-light:#4C4F69;--shiki-dark:#CDD6F4;">; </span><span style="--shiki-light:#9CA0B0;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#6C7086;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic;">-- no host → forwarded to ProxyOptions.Host</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br></div></div></details><p><code>POST /ai/sentiment</code> is forwarded to the configured AI service; the function then caches and shapes the result. Note that <strong>with caching, the upstream is still called every time</strong> (NpgsqlRest can't know the result is cached before the proxy runs) — to skip the call entirely on a cache hit, fetch with an <a href="./http-types.html">HTTP Custom Type</a> instead of <code>@proxy</code>, or split the lookup into a separate endpoint.</p><h2 id="see-it-in-the-examples" tabindex="-1">See it in the examples <a class="header-anchor" href="#see-it-in-the-examples" aria-label="Permalink to "See it in the examples""></a></h2><ul><li><a href="/examples/"><strong>Reverse Proxy & AI Service</strong></a> (<code>10_proxy_ai_service</code>) — transform-mode proxy with database-backed caching of AI responses. Tutorial: <a href="/blog/reverse-proxy-postgresql-ai-service-npgsqlrest.html">Reverse Proxy in PostgreSQL</a>.</li><li><a href="/examples/"><strong>Scraping Proxy</strong></a> (<code>18_scrap_proxy_demo</code>) — an <a href="./http-types.html">HTTP Custom Type</a> fetches a page, then <code>@proxy</code> forwards the scraped HTML to an upstream parser via <a href="./../annotations/body-parameter-name.html"><code>@body_parameter_name</code></a>.</li></ul><h2 id="related" tabindex="-1">Related <a class="header-anchor" href="#related" aria-label="Permalink to "Related""></a></h2><ul><li><a href="./../annotations/proxy.html"><code>@proxy</code></a> — reverse-proxy an endpoint (passthrough or transform)</li><li><a href="./../annotations/proxy-out.html"><code>@proxy_out</code></a> — forward a function result upstream</li><li><a href="./../config/proxy.html">Proxy configuration</a> — every <code>ProxyOptions</code> setting</li><li><a href="./http-types.html">HTTP Custom Types guide</a> — call an upstream and consume the response in SQL (skips on cache hit)</li><li><a href="./../annotations/user-parameters.html"><code>@user_parameters</code></a> / <a href="./../annotations/user-context.html"><code>@user_context</code></a> — forwarding the authenticated identity upstream</li></ul></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-39a288b8 data-v-e257564d><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-e257564d><div class="edit-link" data-v-e257564d><a class="VPLink link vp-external-link-icon no-icon edit-link-button" href="https://github.com/NpgsqlRest/npgsqlrest-docs/edit/main/docs/guide/proxy.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" data-v-e257564d><!--[--><span class="vpi-square-pen edit-link-icon" data-v-e257564d></span> Edit this page on GitHub<!--]--></a></div><div class="last-updated" data-v-e257564d><p class="VPLastUpdated" data-v-e257564d data-v-e98dd255>Last updated: <time datetime="2026-06-26T13:23:03.000Z" data-v-e98dd255></time></p></div></div><nav class="prev-next" 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