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// Copyright (c) 2009-2010 Satoshi Nakamoto
// Copyright (c) 2009-2018 The Bitcoin Core developers
// Distributed under the MIT software license, see the accompanying
// file COPYING or http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php.
#include <chain.h>
 * CChain implementation
void CChain::SetTip(CBlockIndex *pindex) {
    if (pindex == nullptr) {
        vChain.clear();
        return;
    vChain.resize(pindex->nHeight + 1);
    while (pindex && vChain[pindex->nHeight] != pindex) {
        vChain[pindex->nHeight] = pindex;
        pindex = pindex->pprev;
CBlockLocator CChain::GetLocator(const CBlockIndex *pindex) const {
    int nStep = 1;
    std::vector<uint256> vHave;
    vHave.reserve(32);
    if (!pindex)
        pindex = Tip();
    while (pindex) {
        vHave.push_back(pindex->GetBlockHash());
        // Stop when we have added the genesis block.
        if (pindex->nHeight == 0)
            break;
        // Exponentially larger steps back, plus the genesis block.
        int nHeight = std::max(pindex->nHeight - nStep, 0);
        if (Contains(pindex)) {
            // Use O(1) CChain index if possible.
            pindex = (*this)[nHeight];
        } else {
            // Otherwise, use O(log n) skiplist.
            pindex = pindex->GetAncestor(nHeight);
        if (vHave.size() > 10)
            nStep *= 2;
    return CBlockLocator(vHave);
const CBlockIndex *CChain::FindFork(const CBlockIndex *pindex) const {
    if (pindex == nullptr) {
        return nullptr;
    if (pindex->nHeight > Height())
        pindex = pindex->GetAncestor(Height());
    while (pindex && !Contains(pindex))
        pindex = pindex->pprev;
    return pindex;
CBlockIndex* CChain::FindEarliestAtLeast(int64_t nTime) const
    std::vector<CBlockIndex*>::const_iterator lower = std::lower_bound(vChain.begin(), vChain.end(), nTime,
        [](CBlockIndex* pBlock, const int64_t& time) -> bool { return pBlock->GetBlockTimeMax() < time; });
    return (lower == vChain.end() ? nullptr : *lower);
/** Turn the lowest '1' bit in the binary representation of a number into a '0'. */
int static inline InvertLowestOne(int n) { return n & (n - 1); }
/** Compute what height to jump back to with the CBlockIndex::pskip pointer. */
int static inline GetSkipHeight(int height) {
    if (height < 2)
        return 0;
    // Determine which height to jump back to. Any number strictly lower than height is acceptable,
    // but the following expression seems to perform well in simulations (max 110 steps to go back
    // up to 2**18 blocks).
    return (height & 1) ? InvertLowestOne(InvertLowestOne(height - 1)) + 1 : InvertLowestOne(height);
const CBlockIndex* CBlockIndex::GetAncestor(int height) const
    if (height > nHeight || height < 0) {
        return nullptr;
    const CBlockIndex* pindexWalk = this;
    int heightWalk = nHeight;
    while (heightWalk > height) {
        int heightSkip = GetSkipHeight(heightWalk);
        int heightSkipPrev = GetSkipHeight(heightWalk - 1);
        if (pindexWalk->pskip != nullptr &&
            (heightSkip == height ||
             (heightSkip > height && !(heightSkipPrev < heightSkip - 2 &&
                                       heightSkipPrev >= height)))) {
            // Only follow pskip if pprev->pskip isn't better than pskip->pprev.
            pindexWalk = pindexWalk->pskip;
            heightWalk = heightSkip;
        } else {
            assert(pindexWalk->pprev);
            pindexWalk = pindexWalk->pprev;
            heightWalk--;
    return pindexWalk;
CBlockIndex* CBlockIndex::GetAncestor(int height)
    return const_cast<CBlockIndex*>(static_cast<const CBlockIndex*>(this)->GetAncestor(height));
void CBlockIndex::BuildSkip()
    if (pprev)
        pskip = pprev->GetAncestor(GetSkipHeight(nHeight));
arith_uint256 GetBlockProof(const CBlockIndex& block)
    // All valid signed blocks have "weight" 1
    if (g_signed_blocks) {
        return 1;
    arith_uint256 bnTarget;
    bool fNegative;
    bool fOverflow;
    bnTarget.SetCompact(block.nBits, &fNegative, &fOverflow);
    if (fNegative || fOverflow || bnTarget == 0)
        return 0;
    // We need to compute 2**256 / (bnTarget+1), but we can't represent 2**256
    // as it's too large for an arith_uint256. However, as 2**256 is at least as large
    // as bnTarget+1, it is equal to ((2**256 - bnTarget - 1) / (bnTarget+1)) + 1,
    // or ~bnTarget / (bnTarget+1) + 1.
    return (~bnTarget / (bnTarget + 1)) + 1;
int64_t GetBlockProofEquivalentTime(const CBlockIndex& to, const CBlockIndex& from, const CBlockIndex& tip, const Consensus::Params& params)
    arith_uint256 r;
    int sign = 1;
    if (to.nChainWork > from.nChainWork) {
        r = to.nChainWork - from.nChainWork;
    } else {
        r = from.nChainWork - to.nChainWork;
        sign = -1;
    r = r * arith_uint256(params.nPowTargetSpacing) / GetBlockProof(tip);
    if (r.bits() > 63) {
        return sign * std::numeric_limits<int64_t>::max();
    return sign * r.GetLow64();
/** Find the last common ancestor two blocks have.
 *  Both pa and pb must be non-nullptr. */
const CBlockIndex* LastCommonAncestor(const CBlockIndex* pa, const CBlockIndex* pb) {
    if (pa->nHeight > pb->nHeight) {
        pa = pa->GetAncestor(pb->nHeight);
    } else if (pb->nHeight > pa->nHeight) {
        pb = pb->GetAncestor(pa->nHeight);
    while (pa != pb && pa && pb) {
        pa = pa->pprev;
        pb = pb->pprev;
    // Eventually all chain branches meet at the genesis block.
    assert(pa == pb);
    return pa;
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