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/*
* Cppcheck - A tool for static C/C++ code analysis
* Copyright (C) 2007-2022 Cppcheck team.
*
* This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
* it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
* the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
* (at your option) any later version.
*
* This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
* GNU General Public License for more details.
*
* You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
* along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
*/
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
#include "checkstring.h"
#include "astutils.h"
#include "errortypes.h"
#include "mathlib.h"
#include "settings.h"
#include "symboldatabase.h"
#include "token.h"
#include "tokenize.h"
#include "utils.h"
#include <cstddef>
#include <list>
#include <vector>
#include <utility>
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Register this check class (by creating a static instance of it)
namespace {
CheckString instance;
}
// CWE ids used:
static const struct CWE CWE570(570U); // Expression is Always False
static const struct CWE CWE571(571U); // Expression is Always True
static const struct CWE CWE595(595U); // Comparison of Object References Instead of Object Contents
static const struct CWE CWE628(628U); // Function Call with Incorrectly Specified Arguments
static const struct CWE CWE665(665U); // Improper Initialization
static const struct CWE CWE758(758U); // Reliance on Undefined, Unspecified, or Implementation-Defined Behavior
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Writing string literal is UB
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
void CheckString::stringLiteralWrite()
{
const SymbolDatabase *symbolDatabase = mTokenizer->getSymbolDatabase();
for (const Scope * scope : symbolDatabase->functionScopes) {
for (const Token* tok = scope->bodyStart->next(); tok != scope->bodyEnd; tok = tok->next()) {
if (!tok->variable() || !tok->variable()->isPointer())
continue;
const Token *str = tok->getValueTokenMinStrSize(mSettings);
if (!str)
continue;
if (Token::Match(tok, "%var% [") && Token::simpleMatch(tok->linkAt(1), "] ="))
stringLiteralWriteError(tok, str);
else if (Token::Match(tok->previous(), "* %var% ="))
stringLiteralWriteError(tok, str);
}
}
}
void CheckString::stringLiteralWriteError(const Token *tok, const Token *strValue)
{
std::list<const Token *> callstack;
callstack.push_back(tok);
if (strValue)
callstack.push_back(strValue);
std::string errmsg("Modifying string literal");
if (strValue) {
std::string s = strValue->str();
// 20 is an arbitrary value, the max string length shown in a warning message
if (s.size() > 20U)
s.replace(17, std::string::npos, "..\"");
errmsg += " " + s;
}
errmsg += " directly or indirectly is undefined behaviour.";
reportError(callstack, Severity::error, "stringLiteralWrite", errmsg, CWE758, Certainty::normal);
}
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Check for string comparison involving two static strings.
// if(strcmp("00FF00","00FF00")==0) // <- statement is always true
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
void CheckString::checkAlwaysTrueOrFalseStringCompare()
{
if (!mSettings->severity.isEnabled(Severity::warning))
return;
for (const Token* tok = mTokenizer->tokens(); tok; tok = tok->next()) {
if (tok->isName() && tok->strAt(1) == "(" && Token::Match(tok, "memcmp|strncmp|strcmp|stricmp|strverscmp|bcmp|strcmpi|strcasecmp|strncasecmp|strncasecmp_l|strcasecmp_l|wcsncasecmp|wcscasecmp|wmemcmp|wcscmp|wcscasecmp_l|wcsncasecmp_l|wcsncmp|_mbscmp|_mbscmp_l|_memicmp|_memicmp_l|_stricmp|_wcsicmp|_mbsicmp|_stricmp_l|_wcsicmp_l|_mbsicmp_l")) {
if (Token::Match(tok->tokAt(2), "%str% , %str% ,|)")) {
const std::string &str1 = tok->strAt(2);
const std::string &str2 = tok->strAt(4);
if (!tok->isExpandedMacro() && !tok->tokAt(2)->isExpandedMacro() && !tok->tokAt(4)->isExpandedMacro())
alwaysTrueFalseStringCompareError(tok, str1, str2);
tok = tok->tokAt(5);
} else if (Token::Match(tok->tokAt(2), "%name% , %name% ,|)")) {
const std::string &str1 = tok->strAt(2);
const std::string &str2 = tok->strAt(4);
if (str1 == str2)
alwaysTrueStringVariableCompareError(tok, str1, str2);
tok = tok->tokAt(5);
} else if (Token::Match(tok->tokAt(2), "%name% . c_str ( ) , %name% . c_str ( ) ,|)")) {
const std::string &str1 = tok->strAt(2);
const std::string &str2 = tok->strAt(8);
if (str1 == str2)
alwaysTrueStringVariableCompareError(tok, str1, str2);
tok = tok->tokAt(13);
}
} else if (tok->isName() && Token::Match(tok, "QString :: compare ( %str% , %str% )")) {
const std::string &str1 = tok->strAt(4);
const std::string &str2 = tok->strAt(6);
alwaysTrueFalseStringCompareError(tok, str1, str2);
tok = tok->tokAt(7);
} else if (Token::Match(tok, "!!+ %str% ==|!= %str% !!+")) {
const std::string &str1 = tok->strAt(1);
const std::string &str2 = tok->strAt(3);
alwaysTrueFalseStringCompareError(tok, str1, str2);
tok = tok->tokAt(5);
}
if (!tok)
break;
}
}
void CheckString::alwaysTrueFalseStringCompareError(const Token *tok, const std::string& str1, const std::string& str2)
{
const std::size_t stringLen = 10;
const std::string string1 = (str1.size() < stringLen) ? str1 : (str1.substr(0, stringLen-2) + "..");
const std::string string2 = (str2.size() < stringLen) ? str2 : (str2.substr(0, stringLen-2) + "..");
reportError(tok, Severity::warning, "staticStringCompare",
"Unnecessary comparison of static strings.\n"
"The compared strings, '" + string1 + "' and '" + string2 + "', are always " + (str1==str2?"identical":"unequal") + ". "
"Therefore the comparison is unnecessary and looks suspicious.", (str1==str2)?CWE571:CWE570, Certainty::normal);
}
void CheckString::alwaysTrueStringVariableCompareError(const Token *tok, const std::string& str1, const std::string& str2)
{
reportError(tok, Severity::warning, "stringCompare",
"Comparison of identical string variables.\n"
"The compared strings, '" + str1 + "' and '" + str2 + "', are identical. "
"This could be a logic bug.", CWE571, Certainty::normal);
}
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Detect "str == '\0'" where "*str == '\0'" is correct.
// Comparing char* with each other instead of using strcmp()
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
void CheckString::checkSuspiciousStringCompare()
{
if (!mSettings->severity.isEnabled(Severity::warning))
return;
const SymbolDatabase* symbolDatabase = mTokenizer->getSymbolDatabase();
for (const Scope * scope : symbolDatabase->functionScopes) {
for (const Token* tok = scope->bodyStart->next(); tok != scope->bodyEnd; tok = tok->next()) {
if (!tok->isComparisonOp())
continue;
const Token* varTok = tok->astOperand1();
const Token* litTok = tok->astOperand2();
if (!varTok || !litTok) // <- failed to create AST for comparison
continue;
if (Token::Match(varTok, "%char%|%num%|%str%"))
std::swap(varTok, litTok);
else if (!Token::Match(litTok, "%char%|%num%|%str%"))
continue;
if (varTok->isLiteral())
continue;
const ValueType* varType = varTok->valueType();
if (mTokenizer->isCPP() && (!varType || !varType->isIntegral()))
continue;
if (litTok->tokType() == Token::eString) {
if (mTokenizer->isC() || (varType && varType->pointer))
suspiciousStringCompareError(tok, varTok->expressionString(), litTok->isLong());
} else if (litTok->tokType() == Token::eChar && varType && varType->pointer) {
suspiciousStringCompareError_char(tok, varTok->expressionString());
}
}
}
}
void CheckString::suspiciousStringCompareError(const Token* tok, const std::string& var, bool isLong)
{
const std::string cmpFunc = isLong ? "wcscmp" : "strcmp";
reportError(tok, Severity::warning, "literalWithCharPtrCompare",
"$symbol:" + var + "\nString literal compared with variable '$symbol'. Did you intend to use " + cmpFunc + "() instead?", CWE595, Certainty::normal);
}
void CheckString::suspiciousStringCompareError_char(const Token* tok, const std::string& var)
{
reportError(tok, Severity::warning, "charLiteralWithCharPtrCompare",
"$symbol:" + var + "\nChar literal compared with pointer '$symbol'. Did you intend to dereference it?", CWE595, Certainty::normal);
}
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Adding C-string and char with operator+
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
static bool isChar(const Variable* var)
{
return (var && !var->isPointer() && !var->isArray() && (var->typeStartToken()->str() == "char" || var->typeStartToken()->str() == "wchar_t"));
}
void CheckString::strPlusChar()
{
const SymbolDatabase* symbolDatabase = mTokenizer->getSymbolDatabase();
for (const Scope * scope : symbolDatabase->functionScopes) {
for (const Token* tok = scope->bodyStart->next(); tok != scope->bodyEnd; tok = tok->next()) {
if (tok->str() == "+") {
if (tok->astOperand1() && (tok->astOperand1()->tokType() == Token::eString)) { // string literal...
if (tok->astOperand2() && (tok->astOperand2()->tokType() == Token::eChar || isChar(tok->astOperand2()->variable()))) // added to char variable or char constant
strPlusCharError(tok);
}
}
}
}
}
void CheckString::strPlusCharError(const Token *tok)
{
std::string charType = "char";
if (tok && tok->astOperand2() && tok->astOperand2()->variable())
charType = tok->astOperand2()->variable()->typeStartToken()->str();
else if (tok && tok->astOperand2() && tok->astOperand2()->tokType() == Token::eChar && tok->astOperand2()->isLong())
charType = "wchar_t";
reportError(tok, Severity::error, "strPlusChar", "Unusual pointer arithmetic. A value of type '" + charType +"' is added to a string literal.", CWE665, Certainty::normal);
}
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Implicit casts of string literals to bool
// Comparing string literal with strlen() with wrong length
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
void CheckString::checkIncorrectStringCompare()
{
if (!mSettings->severity.isEnabled(Severity::warning))
return;
const SymbolDatabase *symbolDatabase = mTokenizer->getSymbolDatabase();
for (const Scope * scope : symbolDatabase->functionScopes) {
for (const Token* tok = scope->bodyStart->next(); tok != scope->bodyEnd; tok = tok->next()) {
// skip "assert(str && ..)" and "assert(.. && str)"
if ((endsWith(tok->str(), "assert") || endsWith(tok->str(), "ASSERT")) &&
Token::Match(tok, "%name% (") &&
(Token::Match(tok->tokAt(2), "%str% &&") || Token::Match(tok->next()->link()->tokAt(-2), "&& %str% )")))
tok = tok->next()->link();
if (Token::simpleMatch(tok, ". substr (") && Token::Match(tok->tokAt(3)->nextArgument(), "%num% )")) {
const MathLib::biguint clen = MathLib::toULongNumber(tok->linkAt(2)->strAt(-1));
const Token* begin = tok->previous();
for (;;) { // Find start of statement
while (begin->link() && Token::Match(begin, "]|)|>"))
begin = begin->link()->previous();
if (Token::Match(begin->previous(), ".|::"))
begin = begin->tokAt(-2);
else
break;
}
begin = begin->previous();
const Token* end = tok->linkAt(2)->next();
if (Token::Match(begin->previous(), "%str% ==|!=") && begin->strAt(-2) != "+") {
const std::size_t slen = Token::getStrLength(begin->previous());
if (clen != slen) {
incorrectStringCompareError(tok->next(), "substr", begin->strAt(-1));
}
} else if (Token::Match(end, "==|!= %str% !!+")) {
const std::size_t slen = Token::getStrLength(end->next());
if (clen != slen) {
incorrectStringCompareError(tok->next(), "substr", end->strAt(1));
}
}
} else if (Token::Match(tok, "&&|%oror%|( %str%|%char% &&|%oror%|)") && !Token::Match(tok, "( %str%|%char% )")) {
incorrectStringBooleanError(tok->next(), tok->strAt(1));
} else if (Token::Match(tok, "if|while ( %str%|%char% )") && !tok->tokAt(2)->getValue(0)) {
incorrectStringBooleanError(tok->tokAt(2), tok->strAt(2));
} else if (tok->str() == "?" && Token::Match(tok->astOperand1(), "%str%|%char%"))
incorrectStringBooleanError(tok->astOperand1(), tok->astOperand1()->str());
}
}
}
void CheckString::incorrectStringCompareError(const Token *tok, const std::string& func, const std::string &string)
{
reportError(tok, Severity::warning, "incorrectStringCompare", "$symbol:" + func + "\nString literal " + string + " doesn't match length argument for $symbol().", CWE570, Certainty::normal);
}
void CheckString::incorrectStringBooleanError(const Token *tok, const std::string& string)
{
const bool charLiteral = isCharLiteral(string);
const std::string literalType = charLiteral ? "char" : "string";
const std::string result = getCharLiteral(string) == "\\0" ? "false" : "true";
reportError(tok,
Severity::warning,
charLiteral ? "incorrectCharBooleanError" : "incorrectStringBooleanError",
"Conversion of " + literalType + " literal " + string + " to bool always evaluates to " + result + '.', CWE571, Certainty::normal);
}
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// always true: strcmp(str,"a")==0 || strcmp(str,"b")
// TODO: Library configuration for string comparison functions
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
void CheckString::overlappingStrcmp()
{
if (!mSettings->severity.isEnabled(Severity::warning))
return;
const SymbolDatabase *symbolDatabase = mTokenizer->getSymbolDatabase();
for (const Scope * scope : symbolDatabase->functionScopes) {
for (const Token* tok = scope->bodyStart->next(); tok != scope->bodyEnd; tok = tok->next()) {
if (tok->str() != "||")
continue;
std::list<const Token *> equals0;
std::list<const Token *> notEquals0;
visitAstNodes(tok, [&](const Token * t) {
if (!t)
return ChildrenToVisit::none;
if (t->str() == "||") {
return ChildrenToVisit::op1_and_op2;
}
if (t->str() == "==") {
if (Token::simpleMatch(t->astOperand1(), "(") && Token::simpleMatch(t->astOperand2(), "0"))
equals0.push_back(t->astOperand1());
else if (Token::simpleMatch(t->astOperand2(), "(") && Token::simpleMatch(t->astOperand1(), "0"))
equals0.push_back(t->astOperand2());
return ChildrenToVisit::none;
}
if (t->str() == "!=") {
if (Token::simpleMatch(t->astOperand1(), "(") && Token::simpleMatch(t->astOperand2(), "0"))
notEquals0.push_back(t->astOperand1());
else if (Token::simpleMatch(t->astOperand2(), "(") && Token::simpleMatch(t->astOperand1(), "0"))
notEquals0.push_back(t->astOperand2());
return ChildrenToVisit::none;
}
if (t->str() == "!" && Token::simpleMatch(t->astOperand1(), "("))
equals0.push_back(t->astOperand1());
else if (t->str() == "(")
notEquals0.push_back(t);
return ChildrenToVisit::none;
});
for (const Token *eq0 : equals0) {
for (const Token * ne0 : notEquals0) {
if (!Token::Match(eq0->previous(), "strcmp|wcscmp ("))
continue;
if (!Token::Match(ne0->previous(), "strcmp|wcscmp ("))
continue;
const std::vector<const Token *> args1 = getArguments(eq0->previous());
const std::vector<const Token *> args2 = getArguments(ne0->previous());
if (args1.size() != 2 || args2.size() != 2)
continue;
if (args1[1]->isLiteral() &&
args2[1]->isLiteral() &&
args1[1]->str() != args2[1]->str() &&
isSameExpression(mTokenizer->isCPP(), true, args1[0], args2[0], mSettings->library, true, false))
overlappingStrcmpError(eq0, ne0);
}
}
}
}
}
void CheckString::overlappingStrcmpError(const Token *eq0, const Token *ne0)
{
std::string eq0Expr(eq0 ? eq0->expressionString() : std::string("strcmp(x,\"abc\")"));
if (eq0 && eq0->astParent()->str() == "!")
eq0Expr = "!" + eq0Expr;
else
eq0Expr += " == 0";
const std::string ne0Expr = (ne0 ? ne0->expressionString() : std::string("strcmp(x,\"def\")")) + " != 0";
reportError(ne0, Severity::warning, "overlappingStrcmp", "The expression '" + ne0Expr + "' is suspicious. It overlaps '" + eq0Expr + "'.");
}
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Overlapping source and destination passed to sprintf().
// TODO: Library configuration for overlapping arguments
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
void CheckString::sprintfOverlappingData()
{
const SymbolDatabase* symbolDatabase = mTokenizer->getSymbolDatabase();
for (const Scope * scope : symbolDatabase->functionScopes) {
for (const Token* tok = scope->bodyStart->next(); tok != scope->bodyEnd; tok = tok->next()) {
if (!Token::Match(tok, "sprintf|snprintf|swprintf ("))
continue;
const std::vector<const Token *> args = getArguments(tok);
const int formatString = Token::simpleMatch(tok, "sprintf") ? 1 : 2;
for (unsigned int argnr = formatString + 1; argnr < args.size(); ++argnr) {
const Token *dest = args[0];
while (dest->isCast())
dest = dest->astOperand2() ? dest->astOperand2() : dest->astOperand1();
const Token *arg = args[argnr];
if (!arg->valueType() || arg->valueType()->pointer != 1)
continue;
while (arg->isCast())
arg = arg->astOperand2() ? arg->astOperand2() : arg->astOperand1();
const bool same = isSameExpression(mTokenizer->isCPP(),
false,
dest,
arg,
mSettings->library,
true,
false);
if (same) {
sprintfOverlappingDataError(tok, args[argnr], arg->expressionString());
}
}
}
}
}
void CheckString::sprintfOverlappingDataError(const Token *funcTok, const Token *tok, const std::string &varname)
{
const std::string func = funcTok ? funcTok->str() : "s[n]printf";
reportError(tok, Severity::error, "sprintfOverlappingData",
"$symbol:" + varname + "\n"
"Undefined behavior: Variable '$symbol' is used as parameter and destination in " + func + "().\n" +
"The variable '$symbol' is used both as a parameter and as destination in " +
func + "(). The origin and destination buffers overlap. Quote from glibc (C-library) "
"documentation (http://www.gnu.org/software/libc/manual/html_mono/libc.html#Formatted-Output-Functions): "
"\"If copying takes place between objects that overlap as a result of a call "
"to sprintf() or snprintf(), the results are undefined.\"", CWE628, Certainty::normal);
}
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