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# https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charge_carrier_density

# https://www.pveducation.org/pvcdrom/pn-junctions/equilibrium-carrier-concentration

# http://www.ece.utep.edu/courses/ee3329/ee3329/Studyguide/ToC/Fundamentals/Carriers/concentrations.html

from __future__ import annotations

def carrier_concentration(

electron_conc: float,

hole_conc: float,

intrinsic_conc: float,

) -> tuple:

"""

This function can calculate any one of the three -

1. Electron Concentration

2, Hole Concentration

3. Intrinsic Concentration

given the other two.

Examples -

>>> carrier_concentration(electron_conc=25, hole_conc=100, intrinsic_conc=0)

('intrinsic_conc', 50.0)

>>> carrier_concentration(electron_conc=0, hole_conc=1600, intrinsic_conc=200)

('electron_conc', 25.0)

>>> carrier_concentration(electron_conc=1000, hole_conc=0, intrinsic_conc=1200)

('hole_conc', 1440.0)

>>> carrier_concentration(electron_conc=1000, hole_conc=400, intrinsic_conc=1200)

Traceback (most recent call last):

File "<stdin>", line 37, in <module>

ValueError: You cannot supply more or less than 2 values

>>> carrier_concentration(electron_conc=-1000, hole_conc=0, intrinsic_conc=1200)

Traceback (most recent call last):

File "<stdin>", line 40, in <module>

ValueError: Electron concentration cannot be negative in a semiconductor

>>> carrier_concentration(electron_conc=0, hole_conc=-400, intrinsic_conc=1200)

Traceback (most recent call last):

File "<stdin>", line 44, in <module>

ValueError: Hole concentration cannot be negative in a semiconductor

>>> carrier_concentration(electron_conc=0, hole_conc=400, intrinsic_conc=-1200)

Traceback (most recent call last):

File "<stdin>", line 48, in <module>

ValueError: Intrinsic concentration cannot be negative in a semiconductor

"""

if (electron_conc, hole_conc, intrinsic_conc).count(0) != 1:

raise ValueError("You cannot supply more or less than 2 values")

elif electron_conc < 0:

raise ValueError("Electron concentration cannot be negative in a semiconductor")

elif hole_conc < 0:

raise ValueError("Hole concentration cannot be negative in a semiconductor")

elif intrinsic_conc < 0:

raise ValueError(

"Intrinsic concentration cannot be negative in a semiconductor"

)

elif electron_conc == 0:

return (

"electron_conc",

intrinsic_conc ** 2 / hole_conc,

)

elif hole_conc == 0:

return (

"hole_conc",

intrinsic_conc ** 2 / electron_conc,

)

elif intrinsic_conc == 0:

return (

"intrinsic_conc",

(electron_conc * hole_conc) ** 0.5,

)

else:

return (-1, -1)

if __name__ == "__main__":

import doctest

doctest.testmod()

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