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using System.Text;
namespace Stringclass
    internal class StringClass
        #region Variables
        private char[] _String;
        public int Length => _String.Length;
        #endregion
        #region Constructors and Indexers
        public StringClass()
            _String = Array.Empty<char>();
        //initial string with creation
        public StringClass(string value)
            _String = value?.ToCharArray() ?? Array.Empty<char>();
        // get char of array and return string
        private StringClass(params char[] chars)
            _String = chars;
        // get char by index
        public char this[int index]
                if (index < 0 || index >= Length)
                    throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(index));
                return _String[index];
        //indexer with position of string , i send position of string and return array of these positions 
        public char[] this[params int[] indexs]
                char[] values = new char[indexs.Length];
                for (int i = 0; i < indexs.Length; i++)
                    if (indexs[i] < 0 || indexs[i] >= Length)
                        throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(indexs));
                        values[i] = _String[indexs[i]];
                return values;
        #endregion
        #region DS_Method
        //convert character of array to string 
        public override string ToString()
            return new string(_String);
        //enter a character ,return the first index for that character 
        public int IndexOf(char c)
            //validatoin
            if (IsNullOrEmpty(_String))
                throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(_String));
            //loop on character from start 
            for (int i = 0; i < _String.Length; i++)
                //chick if c ==char[i]
                if (c == _String[i])
                    return i;
            //else return -1
            return -1;
        //enter a character ,return the last index for that character 
        public int LastIndexOf(char c)
            //validatoin
            if (IsNullOrEmpty(_String))
                throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(_String));
            // loop on character from End
            for (int i = _String.Length - 1; i >= 0; i--)
                //chick if c ==char[i]
                if (c == _String[i])
                    return i;
            //else return -1
            return -1;
        //return part of string 
        public StringClass Substring(int startIndex, int length)
            //valadition on input
            if (startIndex < 0)
                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(startIndex));
            if (length < 0)
                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(length));
            if (startIndex + length > Length)
                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException();
            if (IsNullOrEmpty(_String))
                throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(_String));
            char[] substring = new char[length];
            //loop on substring and assign value from string 
            for (int i = 0; i < length; i++)
                //each loop copy character to a new array
                substring[i] = _String[i + startIndex];
            //convert array to string 
            //retun result
            return new StringClass(substring);
        // replace charcter with another
        public StringClass Replace(char oldChar, char newChar)
            //validatoin
            if (IsNullOrEmpty(_String))
                throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(_String));
            //create new array of char
            char[] result = new char[Length];
            //copy old array of character into new array of character
            for (int i = 0; i < Length; i++)
                //check if current char== oldChar assign newChar
                result[i] = (_String[i] == oldChar) ? newChar : _String[i];
            //return new string 
            return new StringClass(result);
        public StringClass[] Split(char delimiter)
            //validatoin
            if (IsNullOrEmpty(_String))
                throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(_String));
            //decleare new array for Spilt string 
            List<StringClass> result = new List<StringClass>();
            //loop on _string from start
            int startPosition = 0;
            for (int i = 0; i <= _String.Length; i++)
                //chick if delimitier == char
                if (i != _String.Length && delimiter != _String[i])
                    continue;
                char[] newPart = new char[i - startPosition];
                // loop on this part and put in index of array
                for (int j = 0; j < newPart.Length; j++)
                    newPart[j] = _String[startPosition + j];
                result.Add(new StringClass(newPart));
                startPosition = i + 1;
            //return array
            return result.ToArray();
        // return number of spasefic char
        public int NumberOfChar(char c)
            //validatoin
            if (IsNullOrEmpty(_String))
                throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(_String));
            if (_String.Length == 0)
                return 0;
            int count = 0;
            for (int i = 0; i < _String.Length; i++)
                if (_String[i] == c)
                    count++;
            return count;
        // revers string
        public StringClass Reverse()
            //validatoin
            if (IsNullOrEmpty(_String))
                throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(_String));
            //decleare new array of char for result
            char[] Result = new char[_String.Length];
            //loop on _string from last 
            for (int i = _String.Length - 1; i >= 0; i--)
                //copy values 
                Result[_String.Length - i - 1] = _String[i];
            //return array
            return new StringClass(Result);
        public StringClass Trim()
            //validatoin
            if (IsNullOrEmpty(_String))
                throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(_String));
            //loop on _string from start & count number of spacing
            int nFirstIndex = 0;
            foreach (var item in _String)
                if (item != ' ')
                    break;
                nFirstIndex++;
            //loop on _string from End & count number of spacing
            int nLastIndex = 0;
            for (int i = _String.Length - 1; i >= 0; i--)
                if (_String[i] != ' ')
                    break;
                nLastIndex++;
            //create new array for resault with size _string len - count of spacing
            int length = _String.Length - nFirstIndex - nLastIndex;
            char[] Result = new char[length];
            //copy _string to result
            for (int i = 0; i < length; i++)
                Result[i] = _String[i + nFirstIndex];
            //return result
            return new StringClass(Result);
        public StringClass TrimStart()
            //validatoin
            if (IsNullOrEmpty(_String))
                throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(_String));
            //loop on _string from start & count number of spacing
            int nFirstIndex = 0;
            foreach (var item in _String)
                if (item != ' ')
                    break;
                nFirstIndex++;
            //create new array for resault with size _string len - count of spacing
            int length = _String.Length - nFirstIndex;
            char[] Result = new char[length];
            //copy _string to result
            for (int i = 0; i < length; i++)
                Result[i] = _String[i + nFirstIndex];
            //return result
            return new StringClass(Result);
        public StringClass TrimEnd()
            //validatoin
            if (IsNullOrEmpty(_String))
                throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(_String));
            //loop on _string from End & count number of spacing
            int nLastIndex = 0;
            for (int i = _String.Length - 1; i >= 0; i--)
                if (_String[i] != ' ')
                    break;
                nLastIndex++;
            //create new array for resault with size _string len - count of spacing
            int length = _String.Length - nLastIndex;
            char[] Result = new char[length];
            //copy _string to result
            for (int i = 0; i < length; i++)
                Result[i] = _String[i];
            //return result
            return new StringClass(Result);
        public StringClass RemoveSpacing()
            //validatoin
            if (IsNullOrEmpty(_String))
                throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(_String));
            //create result array 
            List<char> Result = new List<char>();
            //loop on string from start
            for (int i = 0; i < _String.Length; i++)
                //check if item != space -->xopy item in result
                if (_String[i] == ' ')
                    continue;
                Result.Add(_String[i]);
            //return result
            return new StringClass(Result.ToArray());
        public override bool Equals(object? obj)
            if (IsNullOrEmpty(_String))
                throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(_String));
            //check if object ==null--> return false
            if (obj is null)
                return false;
            //check if obj is string 
            if (obj is not StringClass othor)
                return false;
            //check if length not equal the same --> return false
            if (othor.Length != _String.Length) return false;
            //loop on one object
            //and compare each char with another
            for (int i = 0; i < _String.Length; i++)
                //if not equal return false 
                if (othor[i] != _String[i]) return false;
            // return true if each char equal another
            return true;
        public override int GetHashCode()
            if (IsNullOrEmpty(_String))
                throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(_String));
            int sum = 0;
            //loop on char of  _string 
            for (int i = 0; i < _String.Length; i++)
                //sum characters
                sum += _String[i];
            //return  sum % _string .leng
            return sum % _String.Length;
        public int CompareTo(StringClass Compared)
            //valadition
            if (Compared is null || Compared._String is null || Compared.Length == 0)
                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(Compared));
            if (IsNullOrEmpty(_String))
                throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(_String));
            //get minmum lenth
            int minLength = Math.Min(_String.Length, Compared.Length);
            //loop on minmum
            for (int i = 0; i < minLength; i++)
                // if char Compared > _string char return -1
                if (Compared[i] > _String[i])
                    return -1;
                // else if char Compared < _string char return 1
                else if (Compared[i] < _String[i])
                    return 1;
            //compare length 
            if (_String.Length < Compared.Length)
                return -1;
            else if (_String.Length > Compared.Length)
                return 1;
            else
                return 0;
        public static StringClass Join(string seperator, StringClass[] items)
            //valadion on input 
            if (items is null || items.Length == 0)
                return new StringClass("");
            //convert string to StringClass
            StringClass seperate = seperator;
            // loop and combine strings with seperator in detween
            StringClass result = string.Empty;
            for (int i = 0; i < items.Length - 1; i++)
                result += items[i] + seperate;
            result += items[items.Length - 1];
            return result;
        public bool StartsWith(string word)
            // input valadition 
            if (word is null || this is null || word == string.Empty || word.Length > this.Length)
                return false;
            if (IsNullOrEmpty(_String))
                throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(_String));
            //loop on word
            for (int i = 0; i < word.Length; i++)
                //check if _string[i] ==word[i]
                if (word[i] != this[i])
                    return false;
            return true;
        public bool EndsWith(string word)
            // input valadition 
            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(word) || this is null || word.Length > this.Length)
                return false;
            if (IsNullOrEmpty(_String))
                throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(_String));
            //loop on word
            int count = this.Length - word.Length;
            for (int i = 0; i < word.Length; i++)
                //check if _string[i] ==word[i]
                if (word[i] != this[count + i])
                    return false;
            return true;
        public bool Contains(string subString)
            //input valadition
            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(subString) || subString.Length > this.Length)
                return false;
            if (IsNullOrEmpty(_String))
                throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(_String));
            // loop on string 
            bool isFound = true;
            for (int i = 0; i <= Length - subString.Length; i++)
                //loop on substring
                for (int j = 0; j < subString.Length; j++)
                    isFound = true;
                    if (subString[j] != _String[i + j])
                        isFound = false;
                if (isFound)
                    return true;
            return false;
        public (bool, int) Searching(string oldString)
            //valadation
            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(oldString) || oldString.Length > this.Length)
                return (false, -1);
            if (IsNullOrEmpty(_String))
                throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(_String));
            bool foundWord;
            int indexOfOldWord;
            for (int i = 0; i <= _String.Length - oldString.Length; i++)
                foundWord = true;
                //loop on substring
                for (int j = 0; j < oldString.Length; j++)
                    //ckeck if _string[x]!=substring[x]-->break
                    if (_String[i + j] != oldString[j])
                        foundWord = false;
                if (foundWord)
                    indexOfOldWord = i;
                    return (true, indexOfOldWord);
            //else reurn true and index
            return (false, -1);
        public StringClass[] GetWords()
            if (IsNullOrEmpty(_String))
                throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(_String));
            //create list for result (unKowen number of Words)
            List<StringClass> result = new List<StringClass>();
            //create  list of char for word
            StringBuilder word = new();
            //loop on string
            bool isSpace = true;
            for (int i = 0; i < Length; i++)
                if (_String[i] != ' ')
                    word.Append(_String[i]);
                    isSpace = false;
                else if (isSpace)
                    continue;
                    result.Add(word.ToString());
                    isSpace = true;
                    word.Clear();
            if (!isSpace)
                result.Add(word.ToString());
            return result.ToArray();
        public StringClass Insert(int index, string word)
            // valid input
            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(word) || !(index >= 0 && index <= this.Length))
                return _String;
            if (IsNullOrEmpty(_String))
                throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(_String));
            // create array of char with size =oreginal+word.leng
            char[] newString = new char[word.Length + this.Length];
            //copy string before index 
            for (int i = 0; i < index; i++)
                newString[i] = _String[i];
            // insert word 
            for (int i = 0; i < word.Length; i++)
                newString[i + index] = word[i];
            //copy remaining char
            for (int j = index; j < _String.Length; j++)
                newString[j + word.Length] = _String[j];
            return new StringClass(newString);
        public StringClass Remove(int index, int length)
            //valadition
            if (IsNullOrEmpty(_String))
                throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(_String));
            if ((index + length) > _String.Length || index < 0 || index >= _String.Length || length < 0)
                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(length), nameof(index));
            //create array of character with size-length
            char[] newString = new char[this.Length - length];
            //copy character before index 
            for (int i = 0; i < index; i++)
                newString[i] = _String[i];
            //copy character atrer index to the last index
            for (int i = index + length; i < _String.Length; i++)
                newString[i - length] = _String[i];
            //return enw string
            return new StringClass(newString);
        public StringClass PadLeft(int totalWidth, char PaddingChar)
            // valaditon on input
            if (totalWidth <= 0 || totalWidth <= this.Length)
                return this;
            if (IsNullOrEmpty(_String))
                throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(_String));
            //create array of char to represent newString with Total length size
            char[] newString = new char[totalWidth];
            //copy  char to new string from 0 upto totalwidth-_string.length
            for (int i = 0; i < totalWidth - _String.Length; i++)
                newString[i] = PaddingChar;
            // intialize counter 
            int nCount = 0;
            //copy real char 
            for (int i = totalWidth - _String.Length; i < totalWidth; i++)
                newString[i] = _String[nCount++];
            //return result 
            return new StringClass(newString);
        public StringClass PadRight(int totalWidth, char PaddingChar)
            // valaditon on input
            if (totalWidth <= 0 || totalWidth <= this.Length)
                return this;
            if (IsNullOrEmpty(_String))
                throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(_String));
            //create array of char to represent newString with Total length size
            char[] newString = new char[totalWidth];
            //copy  char from _string to new String from 0 upto totalwidth-_string.length
            for (int i = 0; i < _String.Length; i++)
                newString[i] = _String[i];
            //copy real char 
            for (int i = _String.Length; i < totalWidth; i++)
                newString[i] = PaddingChar;
            //return result 
            return new StringClass(newString);
        public StringClass ReplaceSubstring(string oldString, string newString)
            //valadtion on input
            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(oldString) || string.IsNullOrEmpty(newString))
                return this;
            if (IsNullOrEmpty(_String))
                throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(_String));
            //create new Array of character with (length-oldstring+newstring)
            int length = _String.Length - oldString.Length + newString.Length;
            char[] result = new char[length];
            // ckeck if old string is not contain return _string 
            var indexOfOldstring = Searching(oldString);
            if (!indexOfOldstring.Item1)
                return this;
            //copy before index
            for (int i = 0; i < indexOfOldstring.Item2; i++)
                result[i] = _String[i];
            //copy new string
            for (int i = 0; i < newString.Length; i++)
                result[i + indexOfOldstring.Item2] = newString[i];
            //copy after string
            int nCount = indexOfOldstring.Item2 + oldString.Length;
            for (int i = indexOfOldstring.Item2 + newString.Length; i < result.Length; i++)
                result[i] = _String[nCount++];
            //return new array of string
            return new StringClass(result);
        public StringClass[] SplitByLength(int length)
            //valadation
            if (length <= 0 || length >= _String.Length)
                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException();
            //create size of array = _String.Length / length + _String.Length % length
            List<StringClass> SplitedString = new List<StringClass>();
            //loop on _string +length
            for (int i = 0; i < _String.Length; i += length)
                int newLength = Math.Min(length, _String.Length - i);
                //loop on length 
                SplitedString.Add(this.Substring(i, newLength));
            return SplitedString.ToArray();
        public StringClass Truncate(int length, string str)
            //validation
            if (IsNullOrEmpty(_String))
                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(_String));
            if (length < 0)
                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(length));
            if (str is null)
                throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(length));
            //code
            StringClass removedSring = Remove(length, _String.Length - length);
            StringClass newString = removedSring.Insert(length, str);
            return (newString);
        public StringClass Normalize()
            //validation
            if (IsNullOrEmpty(_String))
                throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(_String));
            //create result 
            List<char> result = new List<char>();
            bool isSpace = false;
            for (int i = 0; i < Length; i++)
                // if char != space store and false
                if (_String[i] != ' ')
                    result.Add(_String[i]);
                    isSpace = false;
                //if char == space store--> is space
                else if (isSpace)
                    continue;
                //if char is space -->skip
                else if (_String[i] == ' ')
                    result.Add(_String[i]);
                    isSpace = true;
            return new StringClass(result.ToArray());
        public StringClass ToTitleCase()
            //validation
            if (IsNullOrEmpty(_String))
                throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(_String));
            //creat new string is array of charcter
            char[] newString = new char[this.Length];
            //loop on string 
            bool isFound = true;
            for (int i = 0; i < this.Length; i++)
                //if char after space is char --> is found
                if (_String[i] == ' ' && i + 1 < Length && _String[i + 1] != ' ')
                    isFound = true;
                //and copy items
                else if (isFound)
                    newString[i] = char.ToUpper(_String[i]);
                    isFound = false;
                    continue;
                newString[i] = _String[i];
            //return string
            return new StringClass(newString);
        public StringClass SubstringBefore(string delimiter)
            //validation
            if (IsNullOrEmpty(_String) || IsNullOrEmpty(delimiter))
                throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(_String));
            // indexof word 
            var index = Searching(delimiter);
            //substring of before word 
            return (index.Item2 < 0) ? new StringClass() : Substring(0, index.Item2);
        public StringClass SubstringAfter(string delimiter)
            //validation
            if (IsNullOrEmpty(_String) || IsNullOrEmpty(delimiter))
                throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(_String));
            // indexof word 
            var index = Searching(delimiter);
            //substring of before word 
            int startPoint = index.Item2 + delimiter.Length;
            return (index.Item2 < 0) ? new StringClass() : Substring(startPoint, this.Length - startPoint);
        public StringClass[] SplitLine()
            //validation
            if (IsNullOrEmpty(_String))
                throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(_String));
            //create list of string
            List<StringClass> lines = new List<StringClass>();
            // loop on string 
            int startPosition = 0;
            for (int i = 0; i < this.Length; i++)
                //ckeck if char =='\n'
                if (this[i] == '\n')
                    //subString for string
                    StringClass substring = Substring(startPosition, i - startPosition);
                    startPosition = i + 1;
                    //add string in list
                    lines.Add(substring);
                else if (i == this.Length - 1)
                    //subString for string
                    StringClass substring = Substring(startPosition, i + 1 - startPosition);
                    //add string in list
                    lines.Add(substring);
            return lines.ToArray();
        // count number of specific character inside stringClass
        public int CountOccurrences(char c)
            //validation
            if (IsNullOrEmpty(_String))
                return 0;
            int count = 0;
            for (int i = 0; i < this.Length; i++)
                if (this[i] == c)
                    count++;
            return count;
        // return copy from string
        public StringClass Clone()
            if (IsNullOrEmpty(_String))
                return new StringClass();
            char[] result = new char[Length];
            for (int i = 0; i < Length; i++)
                result[i] = this[i];
            return new StringClass(result);
        public static bool IsNullOrEmpty(StringClass str)
            if (str is null || str._String == null || str.Length == 0)
                return true;
            return false;
        public static bool IsNullOrWhiteSpace(StringClass str)
            if (str is null || str._String == null || str.Length == 0)
                return true;
            for (int i = 0; i < str.Length; i++)
                if (str[i] != ' ')
                    return false;
            return true;
        public bool EqualsIgnoreCase(StringClass other)
            //valadition
            if (other is null || other.Length != this.Length)
                return false;
            if (IsNullOrEmpty(_String))
                return false;
            //loop on Length
            for (int i = 0; i < this.Length; i++)
                if (char.ToLower(this[i]) != char.ToLower(other[i]))
                    return false;
            return true;
        #endregion
        #region operators
        public static implicit operator StringClass(string s)
            return new StringClass(s);
        public static implicit operator StringClass(char[] e)
            return new StringClass(e);
        public static StringClass operator +(StringClass a, StringClass b)
            string combined = a.ToString() + b.ToString();
            return new StringClass(combined);
        public static StringClass operator +(StringClass a, string b)
            string combined = a.ToString() + b;
            return new StringClass(combined);
        public static bool operator ==(StringClass a, StringClass b)
            if (a is null || b is null)
                return false;
            return a.Equals(b);
        public static bool operator !=(StringClass a, StringClass b)
            return !a.Equals(b);
        #endregion
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