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#!/usr/bin/env PYTHONHASHSEED=1234 python3

# Copyright 2014-2019 Brett Slatkin, Pearson Education Inc.

#

# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");

# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.

# You may obtain a copy of the License at

#

# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

#

# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software

# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,

# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.

# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and

# limitations under the License.

# Reproduce book environment

import random

random.seed(1234)

import logging

from pprint import pprint

from sys import stdout as STDOUT

# Write all output to a temporary directory

import atexit

import gc

import io

import os

import tempfile

TEST_DIR = tempfile.TemporaryDirectory()

atexit.register(TEST_DIR.cleanup)

# Make sure Windows processes exit cleanly

OLD_CWD = os.getcwd()

atexit.register(lambda: os.chdir(OLD_CWD))

os.chdir(TEST_DIR.name)

def close_open_files():

everything = gc.get_objects()

for obj in everything:

if isinstance(obj, io.IOBase):

obj.close()

atexit.register(close_open_files)

# Example 1

def remainder(number, divisor):

return number % divisor

assert remainder(20, 7) == 6

# Example 2

remainder(20, 7)

remainder(20, divisor=7)

remainder(number=20, divisor=7)

remainder(divisor=7, number=20)

# Example 3

try:

# This will not compile

source = """remainder(number=20, 7)"""

eval(source)

except:

logging.exception('Expected')

else:

assert False

# Example 4

try:

remainder(20, number=7)

except:

logging.exception('Expected')

else:

assert False

# Example 5

my_kwargs = {

'number': 20,

'divisor': 7,

}

assert remainder(**my_kwargs) == 6

# Example 6

my_kwargs = {

'divisor': 7,

}

assert remainder(number=20, **my_kwargs) == 6

# Example 7

my_kwargs = {

'number': 20,

}

other_kwargs = {

'divisor': 7,

}

assert remainder(**my_kwargs, **other_kwargs) == 6

# Example 8

def print_parameters(**kwargs):

for key, value in kwargs.items():

print(f'{key} = {value}')

print_parameters(alpha=1.5, beta=9, gamma=4)

# Example 9

def flow_rate(weight_diff, time_diff):

return weight_diff / time_diff

weight_diff = 0.5

time_diff = 3

flow = flow_rate(weight_diff, time_diff)

print(f'{flow:.3} kg per second')

# Example 10

def flow_rate(weight_diff, time_diff, period):

return (weight_diff / time_diff) * period

# Example 11

flow_per_second = flow_rate(weight_diff, time_diff, 1)

# Example 12

def flow_rate(weight_diff, time_diff, period=1):

return (weight_diff / time_diff) * period

# Example 13

flow_per_second = flow_rate(weight_diff, time_diff)

flow_per_hour = flow_rate(weight_diff, time_diff, period=3600)

print(flow_per_second)

print(flow_per_hour)

# Example 14

def flow_rate(weight_diff, time_diff,

period=1, units_per_kg=1):

return ((weight_diff * units_per_kg) / time_diff) * period

# Example 15

pounds_per_hour = flow_rate(weight_diff, time_diff,

period=3600, units_per_kg=2.2)

print(pounds_per_hour)

# Example 16

pounds_per_hour = flow_rate(weight_diff, time_diff, 3600, 2.2)

print(pounds_per_hour)