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#!/usr/bin/env PYTHONHASHSEED=1234 python3

# Copyright 2014-2019 Brett Slatkin, Pearson Education Inc.

#

# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");

# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.

# You may obtain a copy of the License at

#

# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

#

# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software

# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,

# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.

# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and

# limitations under the License.

# Reproduce book environment

import random

random.seed(1234)

import logging

from pprint import pprint

from sys import stdout as STDOUT

# Write all output to a temporary directory

import atexit

import gc

import io

import os

import tempfile

TEST_DIR = tempfile.TemporaryDirectory()

atexit.register(TEST_DIR.cleanup)

# Make sure Windows processes exit cleanly

OLD_CWD = os.getcwd()

atexit.register(lambda: os.chdir(OLD_CWD))

os.chdir(TEST_DIR.name)

def close_open_files():

everything = gc.get_objects()

for obj in everything:

if isinstance(obj, io.IOBase):

obj.close()

atexit.register(close_open_files)

# Example 1

from urllib.parse import parse_qs

my_values = parse_qs('red=5&blue=0&green=',

keep_blank_values=True)

print(repr(my_values))

# Example 2

print('Red: ', my_values.get('red'))

print('Green: ', my_values.get('green'))

print('Opacity: ', my_values.get('opacity'))

# Example 3

# For query string 'red=5&blue=0&green='

red = my_values.get('red', [''])[0] or 0

green = my_values.get('green', [''])[0] or 0

opacity = my_values.get('opacity', [''])[0] or 0

print(f'Red: {red!r}')

print(f'Green: {green!r}')

print(f'Opacity: {opacity!r}')

# Example 4

red = int(my_values.get('red', [''])[0] or 0)

green = int(my_values.get('green', [''])[0] or 0)

opacity = int(my_values.get('opacity', [''])[0] or 0)

print(f'Red: {red!r}')

print(f'Green: {green!r}')

print(f'Opacity: {opacity!r}')

# Example 5

red_str = my_values.get('red', [''])

red = int(red_str[0]) if red_str[0] else 0

green_str = my_values.get('green', [''])

green = int(green_str[0]) if green_str[0] else 0

opacity_str = my_values.get('opacity', [''])

opacity = int(opacity_str[0]) if opacity_str[0] else 0

print(f'Red: {red!r}')

print(f'Green: {green!r}')

print(f'Opacity: {opacity!r}')

# Example 6

green_str = my_values.get('green', [''])

if green_str[0]:

green = int(green_str[0])

else:

green = 0

print(f'Green: {green!r}')

# Example 7

def get_first_int(values, key, default=0):

found = values.get(key, [''])

if found[0]:

return int(found[0])

return default

# Example 8

green = get_first_int(my_values, 'green')

print(f'Green: {green!r}')