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 * Handle git attributes.  See gitattributes(5) for a description of
 * the file syntax, and Documentation/technical/api-gitattributes.txt
 * for a description of the API.
 * One basic design decision here is that we are not going to support
 * an insanely large number of attributes.
#define NO_THE_INDEX_COMPATIBILITY_MACROS
#include "cache.h"
#include "exec_cmd.h"
#include "attr.h"
#include "dir.h"
#include "utf8.h"
const char git_attr__true[] = "(builtin)true";
const char git_attr__false[] = "\0(builtin)false";
static const char git_attr__unknown[] = "(builtin)unknown";
#define ATTR__TRUE git_attr__true
#define ATTR__FALSE git_attr__false
#define ATTR__UNSET NULL
#define ATTR__UNKNOWN git_attr__unknown
/* This is a randomly chosen prime. */
#define HASHSIZE 257
#ifndef DEBUG_ATTR
#define DEBUG_ATTR 0
struct git_attr {
	struct git_attr *next;
	unsigned h;
	int attr_nr;
	int maybe_macro;
	int maybe_real;
	char name[FLEX_ARRAY];
static int attr_nr;
static int cannot_trust_maybe_real;
static struct git_attr_check *check_all_attr;
static struct git_attr *(git_attr_hash[HASHSIZE]);
char *git_attr_name(struct git_attr *attr)
	return attr->name;
static unsigned hash_name(const char *name, int namelen)
	unsigned val = 0, c;
	while (namelen--) {
		c = *name++;
		val = ((val << 7) | (val >> 22)) ^ c;
	return val;
static int invalid_attr_name(const char *name, int namelen)
	 * Attribute name cannot begin with '-' and must consist of
	 * characters from [-A-Za-z0-9_.].
	if (namelen <= 0 || *name == '-')
		return -1;
	while (namelen--) {
		char ch = *name++;
		if (! (ch == '-' || ch == '.' || ch == '_' ||
		       ('0' <= ch && ch <= '9') ||
		       ('a' <= ch && ch <= 'z') ||
		       ('A' <= ch && ch <= 'Z')) )
			return -1;
static struct git_attr *git_attr_internal(const char *name, int len)
	unsigned hval = hash_name(name, len);
	unsigned pos = hval % HASHSIZE;
	struct git_attr *a;
	for (a = git_attr_hash[pos]; a; a = a->next) {
		if (a->h == hval &&
		    !memcmp(a->name, name, len) && !a->name[len])
			return a;
	if (invalid_attr_name(name, len))
		return NULL;
	a = xmalloc(sizeof(*a) + len + 1);
	memcpy(a->name, name, len);
	a->name[len] = 0;
	a->h = hval;
	a->next = git_attr_hash[pos];
	a->attr_nr = attr_nr++;
	a->maybe_macro = 0;
	a->maybe_real = 0;
	git_attr_hash[pos] = a;
	REALLOC_ARRAY(check_all_attr, attr_nr);
	check_all_attr[a->attr_nr].attr = a;
	check_all_attr[a->attr_nr].value = ATTR__UNKNOWN;
struct git_attr *git_attr(const char *name)
	return git_attr_internal(name, strlen(name));
/* What does a matched pattern decide? */
struct attr_state {
	struct git_attr *attr;
	const char *setto;
struct pattern {
	const char *pattern;
	int patternlen;
	int nowildcardlen;
	int flags;		/* EXC_FLAG_* */
 * One rule, as from a .gitattributes file.
 * If is_macro is true, then u.attr is a pointer to the git_attr being
 * defined.
 * If is_macro is false, then u.pattern points at the filename pattern
 * to which the rule applies.  (The memory pointed to is part of the
 * memory block allocated for the match_attr instance.)
 * In either case, num_attr is the number of attributes affected by
 * this rule, and state is an array listing them.  The attributes are
 * listed as they appear in the file (macros unexpanded).
struct match_attr {
		struct pattern pat;
		struct git_attr *attr;
	char is_macro;
	unsigned num_attr;
	struct attr_state state[FLEX_ARRAY];
static const char blank[] = " \t\r\n";
 * Parse a whitespace-delimited attribute state (i.e., "attr",
 * "-attr", "!attr", or "attr=value") from the string starting at src.
 * If e is not NULL, write the results to *e.  Return a pointer to the
 * remainder of the string (with leading whitespace removed), or NULL
 * if there was an error.
static const char *parse_attr(const char *src, int lineno, const char *cp,
			      struct attr_state *e)
	const char *ep, *equals;
	ep = cp + strcspn(cp, blank);
	equals = strchr(cp, '=');
	if (equals && ep < equals)
		equals = NULL;
	if (equals)
		len = equals - cp;
		len = ep - cp;
		if (*cp == '-' || *cp == '!') {
		if (invalid_attr_name(cp, len)) {
			fprintf(stderr,
				"%.*s is not a valid attribute name: %s:%d\n",
				len, cp, src, lineno);
			return NULL;
		if (*cp == '-' || *cp == '!') {
			e->setto = (*cp == '-') ? ATTR__FALSE : ATTR__UNSET;
		else if (!equals)
			e->setto = ATTR__TRUE;
			e->setto = xmemdupz(equals + 1, ep - equals - 1);
		e->attr = git_attr_internal(cp, len);
	return ep + strspn(ep, blank);
static struct match_attr *parse_attr_line(const char *line, const char *src,
					  int lineno, int macro_ok)
	int namelen;
	int num_attr, i;
	const char *cp, *name, *states;
	struct match_attr *res = NULL;
	int is_macro;
	cp = line + strspn(line, blank);
	if (!*cp || *cp == '#')
		return NULL;
	name = cp;
	namelen = strcspn(name, blank);
	if (strlen(ATTRIBUTE_MACRO_PREFIX) < namelen &&
	    starts_with(name, ATTRIBUTE_MACRO_PREFIX)) {
		if (!macro_ok) {
			fprintf(stderr, "%s not allowed: %s:%d\n",
				name, src, lineno);
			return NULL;
		is_macro = 1;
		name += strlen(ATTRIBUTE_MACRO_PREFIX);
		name += strspn(name, blank);
		namelen = strcspn(name, blank);
		if (invalid_attr_name(name, namelen)) {
			fprintf(stderr,
				"%.*s is not a valid attribute name: %s:%d\n",
				namelen, name, src, lineno);
			return NULL;
		is_macro = 0;
	states = name + namelen;
	states += strspn(states, blank);
	/* First pass to count the attr_states */
	for (cp = states, num_attr = 0; *cp; num_attr++) {
		cp = parse_attr(src, lineno, cp, NULL);
			return NULL;
	res = xcalloc(1,
		      sizeof(*res) +
		      sizeof(struct attr_state) * num_attr +
		      (is_macro ? 0 : namelen + 1));
	if (is_macro) {
		res->u.attr = git_attr_internal(name, namelen);
		res->u.attr->maybe_macro = 1;
		char *p = (char *)&(res->state[num_attr]);
		memcpy(p, name, namelen);
		res->u.pat.pattern = p;
		parse_exclude_pattern(&res->u.pat.pattern,
				      &res->u.pat.patternlen,
				      &res->u.pat.flags,
				      &res->u.pat.nowildcardlen);
		if (res->u.pat.flags & EXC_FLAG_NEGATIVE) {
			warning(_("Negative patterns are ignored in git attributes\n"
				  "Use '\\!' for literal leading exclamation."));
			return NULL;
	res->is_macro = is_macro;
	res->num_attr = num_attr;
	/* Second pass to fill the attr_states */
	for (cp = states, i = 0; *cp; i++) {
		cp = parse_attr(src, lineno, cp, &(res->state[i]));
		if (!is_macro)
			res->state[i].attr->maybe_real = 1;
		if (res->state[i].attr->maybe_macro)
			cannot_trust_maybe_real = 1;
	return res;
 * Like info/exclude and .gitignore, the attribute information can
 * come from many places.
 * (1) .gitattribute file of the same directory;
 * (2) .gitattribute file of the parent directory if (1) does not have
 *      any match; this goes recursively upwards, just like .gitignore.
 * (3) $GIT_DIR/info/attributes, which overrides both of the above.
 * In the same file, later entries override the earlier match, so in the
 * global list, we would have entries from info/attributes the earliest
 * (reading the file from top to bottom), .gitattribute of the root
 * directory (again, reading the file from top to bottom) down to the
 * current directory, and then scan the list backwards to find the first match.
 * This is exactly the same as what is_excluded() does in dir.c to deal with
 * .gitignore
static struct attr_stack {
	struct attr_stack *prev;
	char *origin;
	size_t originlen;
	unsigned num_matches;
	unsigned alloc;
	struct match_attr **attrs;
} *attr_stack;
static void free_attr_elem(struct attr_stack *e)
	free(e->origin);
	for (i = 0; i < e->num_matches; i++) {
		struct match_attr *a = e->attrs[i];
		for (j = 0; j < a->num_attr; j++) {
			const char *setto = a->state[j].setto;
			if (setto == ATTR__TRUE ||
			    setto == ATTR__FALSE ||
			    setto == ATTR__UNSET ||
			    setto == ATTR__UNKNOWN)
				free((char *) setto);
	free(e->attrs);
static const char *builtin_attr[] = {
	"[attr]binary -diff -merge -text",
static void handle_attr_line(struct attr_stack *res,
			     const char *line,
			     const char *src,
			     int lineno,
			     int macro_ok)
	struct match_attr *a;
	a = parse_attr_line(line, src, lineno, macro_ok);
	ALLOC_GROW(res->attrs, res->num_matches + 1, res->alloc);
	res->attrs[res->num_matches++] = a;
static struct attr_stack *read_attr_from_array(const char **list)
	struct attr_stack *res;
	const char *line;
	int lineno = 0;
	res = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*res));
	while ((line = *(list++)) != NULL)
		handle_attr_line(res, line, "[builtin]", ++lineno, 1);
	return res;
static enum git_attr_direction direction;
static struct index_state *use_index;
static struct attr_stack *read_attr_from_file(const char *path, int macro_ok)
	FILE *fp = fopen(path, "r");
	struct attr_stack *res;
	char buf[2048];
	int lineno = 0;
	if (!fp) {
		if (errno != ENOENT && errno != ENOTDIR)
			warn_on_inaccessible(path);
		return NULL;
	res = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*res));
	while (fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), fp)) {
		char *bufp = buf;
		if (!lineno)
			skip_utf8_bom(&bufp, strlen(bufp));
		handle_attr_line(res, bufp, path, ++lineno, macro_ok);
	fclose(fp);
	return res;
static struct attr_stack *read_attr_from_index(const char *path, int macro_ok)
	struct attr_stack *res;
	char *buf, *sp;
	int lineno = 0;
	buf = read_blob_data_from_index(use_index ? use_index : &the_index, path, NULL);
		return NULL;
	res = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*res));
	for (sp = buf; *sp; ) {
		char *ep;
		int more;
		for (ep = sp; *ep && *ep != '\n'; ep++)
		more = (*ep == '\n');
		*ep = '\0';
		handle_attr_line(res, sp, path, ++lineno, macro_ok);
		sp = ep + more;
	free(buf);
	return res;
static struct attr_stack *read_attr(const char *path, int macro_ok)
	struct attr_stack *res;
	if (direction == GIT_ATTR_CHECKOUT) {
		res = read_attr_from_index(path, macro_ok);
		if (!res)
			res = read_attr_from_file(path, macro_ok);
	else if (direction == GIT_ATTR_CHECKIN) {
		res = read_attr_from_file(path, macro_ok);
		if (!res)
			 * There is no checked out .gitattributes file there, but
			 * we might have it in the index.  We allow operation in a
			 * sparsely checked out work tree, so read from it.
			res = read_attr_from_index(path, macro_ok);
		res = read_attr_from_index(path, macro_ok);
		res = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*res));
	return res;
#if DEBUG_ATTR
static void debug_info(const char *what, struct attr_stack *elem)
	fprintf(stderr, "%s: %s\n", what, elem->origin ? elem->origin : "()");
static void debug_set(const char *what, const char *match, struct git_attr *attr, const void *v)
	const char *value = v;
	if (ATTR_TRUE(value))
		value = "set";
	else if (ATTR_FALSE(value))
		value = "unset";
	else if (ATTR_UNSET(value))
		value = "unspecified";
	fprintf(stderr, "%s: %s => %s (%s)\n",
		what, attr->name, (char *) value, match);
#define debug_push(a) debug_info("push", (a))
#define debug_pop(a) debug_info("pop", (a))
#define debug_push(a) do { ; } while (0)
#define debug_pop(a) do { ; } while (0)
#define debug_set(a,b,c,d) do { ; } while (0)
static void drop_attr_stack(void)
	while (attr_stack) {
		struct attr_stack *elem = attr_stack;
		attr_stack = elem->prev;
		free_attr_elem(elem);
static const char *git_etc_gitattributes(void)
	static const char *system_wide;
	if (!system_wide)
		system_wide = system_path(ETC_GITATTRIBUTES);
	return system_wide;
static int git_attr_system(void)
	return !git_env_bool("GIT_ATTR_NOSYSTEM", 0);
static void bootstrap_attr_stack(void)
	struct attr_stack *elem;
	if (attr_stack)
	elem = read_attr_from_array(builtin_attr);
	elem->origin = NULL;
	elem->prev = attr_stack;
	attr_stack = elem;
	if (git_attr_system()) {
		elem = read_attr_from_file(git_etc_gitattributes(), 1);
		if (elem) {
			elem->origin = NULL;
			elem->prev = attr_stack;
			attr_stack = elem;
	if (!git_attributes_file)
		git_attributes_file = xdg_config_home("attributes");
	if (git_attributes_file) {
		elem = read_attr_from_file(git_attributes_file, 1);
		if (elem) {
			elem->origin = NULL;
			elem->prev = attr_stack;
			attr_stack = elem;
	if (!is_bare_repository() || direction == GIT_ATTR_INDEX) {
		elem = read_attr(GITATTRIBUTES_FILE, 1);
		elem->origin = xstrdup("");
		elem->originlen = 0;
		elem->prev = attr_stack;
		attr_stack = elem;
		debug_push(elem);
	elem = read_attr_from_file(git_path(INFOATTRIBUTES_FILE), 1);
	if (!elem)
		elem = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*elem));
	elem->origin = NULL;
	elem->prev = attr_stack;
	attr_stack = elem;
static void prepare_attr_stack(const char *path, int dirlen)
	struct attr_stack *elem, *info;
	const char *cp;
	 * At the bottom of the attribute stack is the built-in
	 * set of attribute definitions, followed by the contents
	 * of $(prefix)/etc/gitattributes and a file specified by
	 * core.attributesfile.  Then, contents from
	 * .gitattribute files from directories closer to the
	 * root to the ones in deeper directories are pushed
	 * to the stack.  Finally, at the very top of the stack
	 * we always keep the contents of $GIT_DIR/info/attributes.
	 * When checking, we use entries from near the top of the
	 * stack, preferring $GIT_DIR/info/attributes, then
	 * .gitattributes in deeper directories to shallower ones,
	 * and finally use the built-in set as the default.
	bootstrap_attr_stack();
	 * Pop the "info" one that is always at the top of the stack.
	info = attr_stack;
	attr_stack = info->prev;
	 * Pop the ones from directories that are not the prefix of
	 * the path we are checking. Break out of the loop when we see
	 * the root one (whose origin is an empty string "") or the builtin
	 * one (whose origin is NULL) without popping it.
	while (attr_stack->origin) {
		int namelen = strlen(attr_stack->origin);
		elem = attr_stack;
		if (namelen <= dirlen &&
		    !strncmp(elem->origin, path, namelen) &&
		    (!namelen || path[namelen] == '/'))
		debug_pop(elem);
		attr_stack = elem->prev;
		free_attr_elem(elem);
	 * Read from parent directories and push them down
	if (!is_bare_repository() || direction == GIT_ATTR_INDEX) {
		 * bootstrap_attr_stack() should have added, and the
		 * above loop should have stopped before popping, the
		 * root element whose attr_stack->origin is set to an
		 * empty string.
		struct strbuf pathbuf = STRBUF_INIT;
		assert(attr_stack->origin);
		while (1) {
			len = strlen(attr_stack->origin);
			if (dirlen <= len)
			cp = memchr(path + len + 1, '/', dirlen - len - 1);
			if (!cp)
				cp = path + dirlen;
			strbuf_add(&pathbuf, path, cp - path);
			strbuf_addch(&pathbuf, '/');
			strbuf_addstr(&pathbuf, GITATTRIBUTES_FILE);
			elem = read_attr(pathbuf.buf, 0);
			strbuf_setlen(&pathbuf, cp - path);
			elem->origin = strbuf_detach(&pathbuf, &elem->originlen);
			elem->prev = attr_stack;
			attr_stack = elem;
			debug_push(elem);
		strbuf_release(&pathbuf);
	 * Finally push the "info" one at the top of the stack.
	info->prev = attr_stack;
	attr_stack = info;
static int path_matches(const char *pathname, int pathlen,
			int basename_offset,
			const struct pattern *pat,
			const char *base, int baselen)
	const char *pattern = pat->pattern;
	int prefix = pat->nowildcardlen;
	int isdir = (pathlen && pathname[pathlen - 1] == '/');
	if ((pat->flags & EXC_FLAG_MUSTBEDIR) && !isdir)
		return 0;
	if (pat->flags & EXC_FLAG_NODIR) {
		return match_basename(pathname + basename_offset,
				      pathlen - basename_offset - isdir,
				      pattern, prefix,
				      pat->patternlen, pat->flags);
	return match_pathname(pathname, pathlen - isdir,
			      base, baselen,
			      pattern, prefix, pat->patternlen, pat->flags);
static int macroexpand_one(int attr_nr, int rem);
static int fill_one(const char *what, struct match_attr *a, int rem)
	struct git_attr_check *check = check_all_attr;
	for (i = a->num_attr - 1; 0 < rem && 0 <= i; i--) {
		struct git_attr *attr = a->state[i].attr;
		const char **n = &(check[attr->attr_nr].value);
		const char *v = a->state[i].setto;
		if (*n == ATTR__UNKNOWN) {
			debug_set(what,
				  a->is_macro ? a->u.attr->name : a->u.pat.pattern,
				  attr, v);
			rem = macroexpand_one(attr->attr_nr, rem);
	return rem;
static int fill(const char *path, int pathlen, int basename_offset,
		struct attr_stack *stk, int rem)
	const char *base = stk->origin ? stk->origin : "";
	for (i = stk->num_matches - 1; 0 < rem && 0 <= i; i--) {
		struct match_attr *a = stk->attrs[i];
		if (a->is_macro)
			continue;
		if (path_matches(path, pathlen, basename_offset,
				 &a->u.pat, base, stk->originlen))
			rem = fill_one("fill", a, rem);
	return rem;
static int macroexpand_one(int nr, int rem)
	struct attr_stack *stk;
	struct match_attr *a = NULL;
	if (check_all_attr[nr].value != ATTR__TRUE ||
	    !check_all_attr[nr].attr->maybe_macro)
		return rem;
	for (stk = attr_stack; !a && stk; stk = stk->prev)
		for (i = stk->num_matches - 1; !a && 0 <= i; i--) {
			struct match_attr *ma = stk->attrs[i];
			if (!ma->is_macro)
				continue;
			if (ma->u.attr->attr_nr == nr)
				a = ma;
		rem = fill_one("expand", a, rem);
	return rem;
 * Collect attributes for path into the array pointed to by
 * check_all_attr. If num is non-zero, only attributes in check[] are
 * collected. Otherwise all attributes are collected.
static void collect_some_attrs(const char *path, int num,
			       struct git_attr_check *check)
	struct attr_stack *stk;
	int i, pathlen, rem, dirlen;
	const char *cp, *last_slash = NULL;
	int basename_offset;
	for (cp = path; *cp; cp++) {
		if (*cp == '/' && cp[1])
			last_slash = cp;
	pathlen = cp - path;
	if (last_slash) {
		basename_offset = last_slash + 1 - path;
		dirlen = last_slash - path;
		basename_offset = 0;
		dirlen = 0;
	prepare_attr_stack(path, dirlen);
	for (i = 0; i < attr_nr; i++)
		check_all_attr[i].value = ATTR__UNKNOWN;
	if (num && !cannot_trust_maybe_real) {
		for (i = 0; i < num; i++) {
			if (!check[i].attr->maybe_real) {
				struct git_attr_check *c;
				c = check_all_attr + check[i].attr->attr_nr;
				c->value = ATTR__UNSET;
		if (rem == num)
	rem = attr_nr;
	for (stk = attr_stack; 0 < rem && stk; stk = stk->prev)
		rem = fill(path, pathlen, basename_offset, stk, rem);
int git_check_attr(const char *path, int num, struct git_attr_check *check)
	collect_some_attrs(path, num, check);
	for (i = 0; i < num; i++) {
		const char *value = check_all_attr[check[i].attr->attr_nr].value;
		if (value == ATTR__UNKNOWN)
			value = ATTR__UNSET;
		check[i].value = value;
int git_all_attrs(const char *path, int *num, struct git_attr_check **check)
	int i, count, j;
	collect_some_attrs(path, 0, NULL);
	/* Count the number of attributes that are set. */
	count = 0;
	for (i = 0; i < attr_nr; i++) {
		const char *value = check_all_attr[i].value;
		if (value != ATTR__UNSET && value != ATTR__UNKNOWN)
			++count;
	*num = count;
	*check = xmalloc(sizeof(**check) * count);
	for (i = 0; i < attr_nr; i++) {
		const char *value = check_all_attr[i].value;
		if (value != ATTR__UNSET && value != ATTR__UNKNOWN) {
			(*check)[j].attr = check_all_attr[i].attr;
			(*check)[j].value = value;
void git_attr_set_direction(enum git_attr_direction new, struct index_state *istate)
	enum git_attr_direction old = direction;
	if (is_bare_repository() && new != GIT_ATTR_INDEX)
		die("BUG: non-INDEX attr direction in a bare repo");
	direction = new;
	if (new != old)
		drop_attr_stack();
	use_index = istate;
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