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Copy pathConvolution.java
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331 lines (307 loc) · 9.15 KB
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/**
* Convolution.
*
* @verified https://atcoder.jp/contests/practice2/tasks/practice2_f
* @verified https://judge.yosupo.jp/problem/convolution_mod_1000000007
*/
class Convolution {
/**
* Find a primitive root.
*
* @param m A prime number.
* @return Primitive root.
*/
private static int primitiveRoot(int m) {
if (m == 2) return 1;
if (m == 167772161) return 3;
if (m == 469762049) return 3;
if (m == 754974721) return 11;
if (m == 998244353) return 3;
int[] divs = new int[20];
divs[0] = 2;
int cnt = 1;
int x = (m - 1) / 2;
while (x % 2 == 0) x /= 2;
for (int i = 3; (long) (i) * i <= x; i += 2) {
if (x % i == 0) {
divs[cnt++] = i;
while (x % i == 0) {
x /= i;
}
}
}
if (x > 1) {
divs[cnt++] = x;
}
for (int g = 2; ; g++) {
boolean ok = true;
for (int i = 0; i < cnt; i++) {
if (pow(g, (m - 1) / divs[i], m) == 1) {
ok = false;
break;
}
}
if (ok) return g;
}
}
/**
* Power.
*
* @param x Parameter x.
* @param n Parameter n.
* @param m Mod.
* @return n-th power of x mod m.
*/
private static long pow(long x, long n, int m) {
if (m == 1) return 0;
long r = 1;
long y = x % m;
while (n > 0) {
if ((n & 1) != 0) r = (r * y) % m;
y = (y * y) % m;
n >>= 1;
}
return r;
}
/**
* Ceil of power 2.
*
* @param n Value.
* @return Ceil of power 2.
*/
private static int ceilPow2(int n) {
int x = 0;
while ((1L << x) < n) x++;
return x;
}
/**
* Garner's algorithm.
*
* @param c Mod convolution results.
* @param mods Mods.
* @return Result.
*/
private static long garner(long[] c, int[] mods) {
int n = c.length + 1;
long[] cnst = new long[n];
long[] coef = new long[n];
java.util.Arrays.fill(coef, 1);
for (int i = 0; i < n - 1; i++) {
int m1 = mods[i];
long v = (c[i] - cnst[i] + m1) % m1;
v = v * pow(coef[i], m1 - 2, m1) % m1;
for (int j = i + 1; j < n; j++) {
long m2 = mods[j];
cnst[j] = (cnst[j] + coef[j] * v) % m2;
coef[j] = (coef[j] * m1) % m2;
}
}
return cnst[n - 1];
}
/**
* Pre-calculation for NTT.
*
* @param mod NTT Prime.
* @param g Primitive root of mod.
* @return Pre-calculation table.
*/
private static long[] sumE(int mod, int g) {
long[] sum_e = new long[30];
long[] es = new long[30];
long[] ies = new long[30];
int cnt2 = Integer.numberOfTrailingZeros(mod - 1);
long e = pow(g, (mod - 1) >> cnt2, mod);
long ie = pow(e, mod - 2, mod);
for (int i = cnt2; i >= 2; i--) {
es[i - 2] = e;
ies[i - 2] = ie;
e = e * e % mod;
ie = ie * ie % mod;
}
long now = 1;
for (int i = 0; i < cnt2 - 2; i++) {
sum_e[i] = es[i] * now % mod;
now = now * ies[i] % mod;
}
return sum_e;
}
/**
* Pre-calculation for inverse NTT.
*
* @param mod Mod.
* @param g Primitive root of mod.
* @return Pre-calculation table.
*/
private static long[] sumIE(int mod, int g) {
long[] sum_ie = new long[30];
long[] es = new long[30];
long[] ies = new long[30];
int cnt2 = Integer.numberOfTrailingZeros(mod - 1);
long e = pow(g, (mod - 1) >> cnt2, mod);
long ie = pow(e, mod - 2, mod);
for (int i = cnt2; i >= 2; i--) {
es[i - 2] = e;
ies[i - 2] = ie;
e = e * e % mod;
ie = ie * ie % mod;
}
long now = 1;
for (int i = 0; i < cnt2 - 2; i++) {
sum_ie[i] = ies[i] * now % mod;
now = now * es[i] % mod;
}
return sum_ie;
}
/**
* Inverse NTT.
*
* @param a Target array.
* @param sumIE Pre-calculation table.
* @param mod NTT Prime.
*/
private static void butterflyInv(long[] a, long[] sumIE, int mod) {
int n = a.length;
int h = ceilPow2(n);
for (int ph = h; ph >= 1; ph--) {
int w = 1 << (ph - 1), p = 1 << (h - ph);
long inow = 1;
for (int s = 0; s < w; s++) {
int offset = s << (h - ph + 1);
for (int i = 0; i < p; i++) {
long l = a[i + offset];
long r = a[i + offset + p];
a[i + offset] = (l + r) % mod;
a[i + offset + p] = (mod + l - r) * inow % mod;
}
int x = Integer.numberOfTrailingZeros(~s);
inow = inow * sumIE[x] % mod;
}
}
}
/**
* Inverse NTT.
*
* @param a Target array.
* @param sumE Pre-calculation table.
* @param mod NTT Prime.
*/
private static void butterfly(long[] a, long[] sumE, int mod) {
int n = a.length;
int h = ceilPow2(n);
for (int ph = 1; ph <= h; ph++) {
int w = 1 << (ph - 1), p = 1 << (h - ph);
long now = 1;
for (int s = 0; s < w; s++) {
int offset = s << (h - ph + 1);
for (int i = 0; i < p; i++) {
long l = a[i + offset];
long r = a[i + offset + p] * now % mod;
a[i + offset] = (l + r) % mod;
a[i + offset + p] = (l - r + mod) % mod;
}
int x = Integer.numberOfTrailingZeros(~s);
now = now * sumE[x] % mod;
}
}
}
/**
* Convolution.
*
* @param a Target array 1.
* @param b Target array 2.
* @param mod NTT Prime.
* @return Answer.
*/
public static long[] convolution(long[] a, long[] b, int mod) {
int n = a.length;
int m = b.length;
if (n == 0 || m == 0) return new long[0];
int z = 1 << ceilPow2(n + m - 1);
{
long[] na = new long[z];
long[] nb = new long[z];
System.arraycopy(a, 0, na, 0, n);
System.arraycopy(b, 0, nb, 0, m);
a = na;
b = nb;
}
int g = primitiveRoot(mod);
long[] sume = sumE(mod, g);
long[] sumie = sumIE(mod, g);
butterfly(a, sume, mod);
butterfly(b, sume, mod);
for (int i = 0; i < z; i++) {
a[i] = a[i] * b[i] % mod;
}
butterflyInv(a, sumie, mod);
a = java.util.Arrays.copyOf(a, n + m - 1);
long iz = pow(z, mod - 2, mod);
for (int i = 0; i < n + m - 1; i++) a[i] = a[i] * iz % mod;
return a;
}
/**
* Convolution.
*
* @param a Target array 1.
* @param b Target array 2.
* @param mod Any mod.
* @return Answer.
*/
public static long[] convolutionLL(long[] a, long[] b, int mod) {
int n = a.length;
int m = b.length;
if (n == 0 || m == 0) return new long[0];
int mod1 = 754974721;
int mod2 = 167772161;
int mod3 = 469762049;
long[] c1 = convolution(a, b, mod1);
long[] c2 = convolution(a, b, mod2);
long[] c3 = convolution(a, b, mod3);
int retSize = c1.length;
long[] ret = new long[retSize];
int[] mods = {mod1, mod2, mod3, mod};
for (int i = 0; i < retSize; ++i) {
ret[i] = garner(new long[]{c1[i], c2[i], c3[i]}, mods);
}
return ret;
}
/**
* Convolution by ModInt.
*
* @param a Target array 1.
* @param b Target array 2.
* @return Answer.
*/
public static java.util.List<ModIntFactory.ModInt> convolution(
java.util.List<ModIntFactory.ModInt> a,
java.util.List<ModIntFactory.ModInt> b
) {
int mod = a.get(0).mod();
long[] va = a.stream().mapToLong(ModIntFactory.ModInt::value).toArray();
long[] vb = b.stream().mapToLong(ModIntFactory.ModInt::value).toArray();
long[] c = convolutionLL(va, vb, mod);
ModIntFactory factory = new ModIntFactory(mod);
return java.util.Arrays.stream(c).mapToObj(factory::create).collect(java.util.stream.Collectors.toList());
}
/**
* Naive convolution. (Complexity is O(N^2)!!)
*
* @param a Target array 1.
* @param b Target array 2.
* @param mod Mod.
* @return Answer.
*/
public static long[] convolutionNaive(long[] a, long[] b, int mod) {
int n = a.length;
int m = b.length;
int k = n + m - 1;
long[] ret = new long[k];
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < m; j++) {
ret[i + j] += a[i] * b[j] % mod;
ret[i + j] %= mod;
}
}
return ret;
}
}
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