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########## Intro to modules ##########

#A module is just a fancy name for a python file

#By convention, they are often imported at the top of a file

#but you can do it anywhere

import math

import pickle

import queue

import heapq

import json

import random

print(pickle)

#You will get a path like so (I'm on a mac)

#/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.8/lib/python3.8/pickle.py

#Explore this folder to see some other options.

#Or, check out this: https://docs.python.org/3/py-modindex.html

#We use the module with dot notation to access the functions or variables

#an object of type module

print(math.pi)

print(type(math))

#Here is another example

#Pseudorandom number 0-100 (inclusive)

print(random.randint(0, 100))

#You can see how this works by opening random.py

#from random.py line 244:

#def randint(self, a, b):

# """Return random integer in range [a, b], including both end points.

# """

# return self.randrange(a, b+1)

"""

This is a side note that we may get into in more detail later

When you create a file to be imported,

you can expose certain pieces as seen in random.py

line 786...

_inst = Random()

seed = _inst.seed

random = _inst.random

...

randrange = _inst.randrange

Then when we import random, we prefix with that module name:

random.randrange

This will access .random on an instantiated Random object

Which is then exposed through __all__

"...is easier for the casual user than making them

# instantiate their own Random() instance."

As opposed to something like this:

test = random.Random()

print(test.randint(5,10))

"""

########## From module import Something ##########

#in the previous section we showed how to import something.

import random

print(type(random))

#Doing this requires us to access the module using the dot operator

#As an alternative, we can import one specific thing from the module

from random import randint, seed

print("from random import randit:", randint(5,5)) #always 5 lol

#This replaces anything locally called randint:

randint = "SUPER IMPORTANT DATA DON'T DELETE!!!!"

from random import randint

print("RIP data:", randint)

########## Alias an import ##########

import random as r

print("r.randint:", r.randint(6,6))

#This can be used to preserve data locally:

randint = "SUPER IMPORTANT DATA DON'T DELETE!!!!"

from random import randint as ri

print("ri:", ri(7,7))

print("NOT LOST!", randint)

########## import * ##########

#We now we can bring one specific item from a module using

from random import randint

#This puts it directly in our symbol table replacing anything called randint

#You will see sometimes importing everything, even though it's not recommended

#100% guarentee 30% of the time to yeet out something important:

seed = "watermelon"

from random import *

print("Today we are going to plant", seed, "seeds! Yay!") #Not what we wanted.

#We can get a better picture of this by printing the output of dir()

#which shows the identifiers in scope

a, b, c, e, f, g = 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 #find these:

print(dir())

########## Creating a Module ##########

#We can easily create our own module by just creating a python file

#Any variables or functions will be imported

#See utils.py

import utils

print("Range (high-low):", utils.stats_range([5, 3, 5, 1, 10]))

########## sys path ##########

#When we created the utils module, it came from the same directory.

#This is part of the default search path

#You can see the places modules are searched for by importing a special module

#https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/modules.html#standard-modules

import sys

#always available, work directly with interpreter

#unlike some other modules.

#import winreg doesn't work for me (im on mac...maybe on windows)

#docs give this example:

sys.ps1 = 'C> ' #(Try it in interactive mode if needed)

print(sys.path)

#path prints locations searched for modules.

#We could move utils up a directory (or anywhere we want)

#and import it like so:

sys.path.append("/Users/calebcurry/Python")

#There are ways you can do this more dynamically

#https://stackoverflow.com/questions/30218802/get-parent-of-current-directory-from-python-script/39618108

from os.path import dirname, abspath

d = dirname(dirname(abspath(__file__)))

sys.path.append(d)