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#ifndef Py_ABSTRACTOBJECT_H
#define Py_ABSTRACTOBJECT_H
#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C" {
#endif
#ifdef PY_SSIZE_T_CLEAN
#define PyObject_CallFunction _PyObject_CallFunction_SizeT
#define PyObject_CallMethod _PyObject_CallMethod_SizeT
#endif
/* Abstract Object Interface (many thanks to Jim Fulton) */
/*
PROPOSAL: A Generic Python Object Interface for Python C Modules
Problem
Python modules written in C that must access Python objects must do
so through routines whose interfaces are described by a set of
include files. Unfortunately, these routines vary according to the
object accessed. To use these routines, the C programmer must check
the type of the object being used and must call a routine based on
the object type. For example, to access an element of a sequence,
the programmer must determine whether the sequence is a list or a
tuple:
if(is_tupleobject(o))
e=gettupleitem(o,i)
else if(is_listitem(o))
e=getlistitem(o,i)
If the programmer wants to get an item from another type of object
that provides sequence behavior, there is no clear way to do it
correctly.
The persistent programmer may peruse object.h and find that the
_typeobject structure provides a means of invoking up to (currently
about) 41 special operators. So, for example, a routine can get an
item from any object that provides sequence behavior. However, to
use this mechanism, the programmer must make their code dependent on
the current Python implementation.
Also, certain semantics, especially memory management semantics, may
differ by the type of object being used. Unfortunately, these
semantics are not clearly described in the current include files.
An abstract interface providing more consistent semantics is needed.
Proposal
I propose the creation of a standard interface (with an associated
library of routines and/or macros) for generically obtaining the
services of Python objects. This proposal can be viewed as one
components of a Python C interface consisting of several components.
From the viewpoint of C access to Python services, we have (as
suggested by Guido in off-line discussions):
- "Very high level layer": two or three functions that let you exec or
eval arbitrary Python code given as a string in a module whose name is
given, passing C values in and getting C values out using
mkvalue/getargs style format strings. This does not require the user
to declare any variables of type "PyObject *". This should be enough
to write a simple application that gets Python code from the user,
execs it, and returns the output or errors. (Error handling must also
be part of this API.)
- "Abstract objects layer": which is the subject of this proposal.
It has many functions operating on objects, and lest you do many
things from C that you can also write in Python, without going
through the Python parser.
- "Concrete objects layer": This is the public type-dependent
interface provided by the standard built-in types, such as floats,
strings, and lists. This interface exists and is currently
documented by the collection of include files provided with the
Python distributions.
From the point of view of Python accessing services provided by C
modules:
- "Python module interface": this interface consist of the basic
routines used to define modules and their members. Most of the
current extensions-writing guide deals with this interface.
- "Built-in object interface": this is the interface that a new
built-in type must provide and the mechanisms and rules that a
developer of a new built-in type must use and follow.
This proposal is a "first-cut" that is intended to spur
discussion. See especially the lists of notes.
The Python C object interface will provide four protocols: object,
numeric, sequence, and mapping. Each protocol consists of a
collection of related operations. If an operation that is not
provided by a particular type is invoked, then a standard exception,
NotImplementedError is raised with a operation name as an argument.
In addition, for convenience this interface defines a set of
constructors for building objects of built-in types. This is needed
so new objects can be returned from C functions that otherwise treat
objects generically.
Memory Management
For all of the functions described in this proposal, if a function
retains a reference to a Python object passed as an argument, then the
function will increase the reference count of the object. It is
unnecessary for the caller to increase the reference count of an
argument in anticipation of the object's retention.
All Python objects returned from functions should be treated as new
objects. Functions that return objects assume that the caller will
retain a reference and the reference count of the object has already
been incremented to account for this fact. A caller that does not
retain a reference to an object that is returned from a function
must decrement the reference count of the object (using
DECREF(object)) to prevent memory leaks.
Note that the behavior mentioned here is different from the current
behavior for some objects (e.g. lists and tuples) when certain
type-specific routines are called directly (e.g. setlistitem). The
proposed abstraction layer will provide a consistent memory
management interface, correcting for inconsistent behavior for some
built-in types.
Protocols
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx*/
/* Object Protocol: */
/* Implemented elsewhere:
int PyObject_Print(PyObject *o, FILE *fp, int flags);
Print an object, o, on file, fp. Returns -1 on
error. The flags argument is used to enable certain printing
options. The only option currently supported is Py_Print_RAW.
(What should be said about Py_Print_RAW?)
*/
/* Implemented elsewhere:
int PyObject_HasAttrString(PyObject *o, char *attr_name);
Returns 1 if o has the attribute attr_name, and 0 otherwise.
This is equivalent to the Python expression:
hasattr(o,attr_name).
This function always succeeds.
*/
/* Implemented elsewhere:
PyObject* PyObject_GetAttrString(PyObject *o, char *attr_name);
Retrieve an attributed named attr_name form object o.
Returns the attribute value on success, or NULL on failure.
This is the equivalent of the Python expression: o.attr_name.
*/
/* Implemented elsewhere:
int PyObject_HasAttr(PyObject *o, PyObject *attr_name);
Returns 1 if o has the attribute attr_name, and 0 otherwise.
This is equivalent to the Python expression:
hasattr(o,attr_name).
This function always succeeds.
*/
/* Implemented elsewhere:
PyObject* PyObject_GetAttr(PyObject *o, PyObject *attr_name);
Retrieve an attributed named attr_name form object o.
Returns the attribute value on success, or NULL on failure.
This is the equivalent of the Python expression: o.attr_name.
*/
/* Implemented elsewhere:
int PyObject_SetAttrString(PyObject *o, char *attr_name, PyObject *v);
Set the value of the attribute named attr_name, for object o,
to the value, v. Returns -1 on failure. This is
the equivalent of the Python statement: o.attr_name=v.
*/
/* Implemented elsewhere:
int PyObject_SetAttr(PyObject *o, PyObject *attr_name, PyObject *v);
Set the value of the attribute named attr_name, for object o,
to the value, v. Returns -1 on failure. This is
the equivalent of the Python statement: o.attr_name=v.
*/
/* implemented as a macro:
int PyObject_DelAttrString(PyObject *o, char *attr_name);
Delete attribute named attr_name, for object o. Returns
-1 on failure. This is the equivalent of the Python
statement: del o.attr_name.
*/
#define PyObject_DelAttrString(O,A) PyObject_SetAttrString((O),(A),NULL)
/* implemented as a macro:
int PyObject_DelAttr(PyObject *o, PyObject *attr_name);
Delete attribute named attr_name, for object o. Returns -1
on failure. This is the equivalent of the Python
statement: del o.attr_name.
*/
#define PyObject_DelAttr(O,A) PyObject_SetAttr((O),(A),NULL)
PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyObject_Cmp(PyObject *o1, PyObject *o2, int *result);
/*
Compare the values of o1 and o2 using a routine provided by
o1, if one exists, otherwise with a routine provided by o2.
The result of the comparison is returned in result. Returns
-1 on failure. This is the equivalent of the Python
statement: result=cmp(o1,o2).
*/
/* Implemented elsewhere:
int PyObject_Compare(PyObject *o1, PyObject *o2);
Compare the values of o1 and o2 using a routine provided by
o1, if one exists, otherwise with a routine provided by o2.
Returns the result of the comparison on success. On error,
the value returned is undefined. This is equivalent to the
Python expression: cmp(o1,o2).
*/
/* Implemented elsewhere:
PyObject *PyObject_Repr(PyObject *o);
Compute the string representation of object, o. Returns the
string representation on success, NULL on failure. This is
the equivalent of the Python expression: repr(o).
Called by the repr() built-in function and by reverse quotes.
*/
/* Implemented elsewhere:
PyObject *PyObject_Str(PyObject *o);
Compute the string representation of object, o. Returns the
string representation on success, NULL on failure. This is
the equivalent of the Python expression: str(o).)
Called by the str() built-in function and by the print
statement.
*/
/* Implemented elsewhere:
PyObject *PyObject_Unicode(PyObject *o);
Compute the unicode representation of object, o. Returns the
unicode representation on success, NULL on failure. This is
the equivalent of the Python expression: unistr(o).)
Called by the unistr() built-in function.
*/
/* Declared elsewhere
PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyCallable_Check(PyObject *o);
Determine if the object, o, is callable. Return 1 if the
object is callable and 0 otherwise.
This function always succeeds.
*/
PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyObject_Call(PyObject *callable_object,
PyObject *args, PyObject *kw);
/*
Call a callable Python object, callable_object, with
arguments and keywords arguments. The 'args' argument can not be
NULL, but the 'kw' argument can be NULL.
*/
PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyObject_CallObject(PyObject *callable_object,
PyObject *args);
/*
Call a callable Python object, callable_object, with
arguments given by the tuple, args. If no arguments are
needed, then args may be NULL. Returns the result of the
call on success, or NULL on failure. This is the equivalent
of the Python expression: apply(o,args).
*/
PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyObject_CallFunction(PyObject *callable_object,
char *format, ...);
/*
Call a callable Python object, callable_object, with a
variable number of C arguments. The C arguments are described
using a mkvalue-style format string. The format may be NULL,
indicating that no arguments are provided. Returns the
result of the call on success, or NULL on failure. This is
the equivalent of the Python expression: apply(o,args).
*/
PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyObject_CallMethod(PyObject *o, char *m,
char *format, ...);
/*
Call the method named m of object o with a variable number of
C arguments. The C arguments are described by a mkvalue
format string. The format may be NULL, indicating that no
arguments are provided. Returns the result of the call on
success, or NULL on failure. This is the equivalent of the
Python expression: o.method(args).
*/
PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) _PyObject_CallFunction_SizeT(PyObject *callable,
char *format, ...);
PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) _PyObject_CallMethod_SizeT(PyObject *o,
char *name,
char *format, ...);
PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyObject_CallFunctionObjArgs(PyObject *callable,
...);
/*
Call a callable Python object, callable_object, with a
variable number of C arguments. The C arguments are provided
as PyObject * values, terminated by a NULL. Returns the
result of the call on success, or NULL on failure. This is
the equivalent of the Python expression: apply(o,args).
*/
PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyObject_CallMethodObjArgs(PyObject *o,
PyObject *m, ...);
/*
Call the method named m of object o with a variable number of
C arguments. The C arguments are provided as PyObject *
values, terminated by NULL. Returns the result of the call
on success, or NULL on failure. This is the equivalent of
the Python expression: o.method(args).
*/
/* Implemented elsewhere:
long PyObject_Hash(PyObject *o);
Compute and return the hash, hash_value, of an object, o. On
failure, return -1. This is the equivalent of the Python
expression: hash(o).
*/
/* Implemented elsewhere:
int PyObject_IsTrue(PyObject *o);
Returns 1 if the object, o, is considered to be true, 0 if o is
considered to be false and -1 on failure. This is equivalent to the
Python expression: not not o
*/
/* Implemented elsewhere:
int PyObject_Not(PyObject *o);
Returns 0 if the object, o, is considered to be true, 1 if o is
considered to be false and -1 on failure. This is equivalent to the
Python expression: not o
*/
PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyObject_Type(PyObject *o);
/*
On success, returns a type object corresponding to the object
type of object o. On failure, returns NULL. This is
equivalent to the Python expression: type(o).
*/
PyAPI_FUNC(Py_ssize_t) PyObject_Size(PyObject *o);
/*
Return the size of object o. If the object, o, provides
both sequence and mapping protocols, the sequence size is
returned. On error, -1 is returned. This is the equivalent
to the Python expression: len(o).
*/
/* For DLL compatibility */
#undef PyObject_Length
PyAPI_FUNC(Py_ssize_t) PyObject_Length(PyObject *o);
#define PyObject_Length PyObject_Size
PyAPI_FUNC(Py_ssize_t) _PyObject_LengthHint(PyObject *o, Py_ssize_t);
/*
Guess the size of object o using len(o) or o.__length_hint__().
If neither of those return a non-negative value, then return the
default value. If one of the calls fails, this function returns -1.
*/
PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyObject_GetItem(PyObject *o, PyObject *key);
/*
Return element of o corresponding to the object, key, or NULL
on failure. This is the equivalent of the Python expression:
o[key].
*/
PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyObject_SetItem(PyObject *o, PyObject *key, PyObject *v);
/*
Map the object, key, to the value, v. Returns
-1 on failure. This is the equivalent of the Python
statement: o[key]=v.
*/
PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyObject_DelItemString(PyObject *o, char *key);
/*
Remove the mapping for object, key, from the object *o.
Returns -1 on failure. This is equivalent to
the Python statement: del o[key].
*/
PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyObject_DelItem(PyObject *o, PyObject *key);
/*
Delete the mapping for key from *o. Returns -1 on failure.
This is the equivalent of the Python statement: del o[key].
*/
PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyObject_AsCharBuffer(PyObject *obj,
const char **buffer,
Py_ssize_t *buffer_len);
/*
Takes an arbitrary object which must support the (character,
single segment) buffer interface and returns a pointer to a
read-only memory location useable as character based input
for subsequent processing.
0 is returned on success. buffer and buffer_len are only
set in case no error occurs. Otherwise, -1 is returned and
an exception set.
*/
PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyObject_CheckReadBuffer(PyObject *obj);
/*
Checks whether an arbitrary object supports the (character,
single segment) buffer interface. Returns 1 on success, 0
on failure.
*/
PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyObject_AsReadBuffer(PyObject *obj,
const void **buffer,
Py_ssize_t *buffer_len);
/*
Same as PyObject_AsCharBuffer() except that this API expects
(readable, single segment) buffer interface and returns a
pointer to a read-only memory location which can contain
arbitrary data.
0 is returned on success. buffer and buffer_len are only
set in case no error occurs. Otherwise, -1 is returned and
an exception set.
*/
PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyObject_AsWriteBuffer(PyObject *obj,
void **buffer,
Py_ssize_t *buffer_len);
/*
Takes an arbitrary object which must support the (writeable,
single segment) buffer interface and returns a pointer to a
writeable memory location in buffer of size buffer_len.
0 is returned on success. buffer and buffer_len are only
set in case no error occurs. Otherwise, -1 is returned and
an exception set.
*/
/* new buffer API */
#define PyObject_CheckBuffer(obj) \
(((obj)->ob_type->tp_as_buffer != NULL) && \
(PyType_HasFeature((obj)->ob_type, Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_NEWBUFFER)) && \
((obj)->ob_type->tp_as_buffer->bf_getbuffer != NULL))
/* Return 1 if the getbuffer function is available, otherwise
return 0 */
PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyObject_GetBuffer(PyObject *obj, Py_buffer *view,
int flags);
/* This is a C-API version of the getbuffer function call. It checks
to make sure object has the required function pointer and issues the
call. Returns -1 and raises an error on failure and returns 0 on
success
*/
PyAPI_FUNC(void *) PyBuffer_GetPointer(Py_buffer *view, Py_ssize_t *indices);
/* Get the memory area pointed to by the indices for the buffer given.
Note that view->ndim is the assumed size of indices
*/
PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyBuffer_SizeFromFormat(const char *);
/* Return the implied itemsize of the data-format area from a
struct-style description */
PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyBuffer_ToContiguous(void *buf, Py_buffer *view,
Py_ssize_t len, char fort);
PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyBuffer_FromContiguous(Py_buffer *view, void *buf,
Py_ssize_t len, char fort);
/* Copy len bytes of data from the contiguous chunk of memory
pointed to by buf into the buffer exported by obj. Return
0 on success and return -1 and raise a PyBuffer_Error on
error (i.e. the object does not have a buffer interface or
it is not working).
If fort is 'F' and the object is multi-dimensional,
then the data will be copied into the array in
Fortran-style (first dimension varies the fastest). If
fort is 'C', then the data will be copied into the array
in C-style (last dimension varies the fastest). If fort
is 'A', then it does not matter and the copy will be made
in whatever way is more efficient.
*/
PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyObject_CopyData(PyObject *dest, PyObject *src);
/* Copy the data from the src buffer to the buffer of destination
*/
PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyBuffer_IsContiguous(Py_buffer *view, char fort);
PyAPI_FUNC(void) PyBuffer_FillContiguousStrides(int ndims,
Py_ssize_t *shape,
Py_ssize_t *strides,
int itemsize,
char fort);
/* Fill the strides array with byte-strides of a contiguous
(Fortran-style if fort is 'F' or C-style otherwise)
array of the given shape with the given number of bytes
per element.
*/
PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyBuffer_FillInfo(Py_buffer *view, PyObject *o, void *buf,
Py_ssize_t len, int readonly,
int flags);
/* Fills in a buffer-info structure correctly for an exporter
that can only share a contiguous chunk of memory of
"unsigned bytes" of the given length. Returns 0 on success
and -1 (with raising an error) on error.
*/
PyAPI_FUNC(void) PyBuffer_Release(Py_buffer *view);
/* Releases a Py_buffer obtained from getbuffer ParseTuple's s*.
*/
PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyObject_Format(PyObject* obj,
PyObject *format_spec);
/*
Takes an arbitrary object and returns the result of
calling obj.__format__(format_spec).
*/
/* Iterators */
PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyObject_GetIter(PyObject *);
/* Takes an object and returns an iterator for it.
This is typically a new iterator but if the argument
is an iterator, this returns itself. */
#define PyIter_Check(obj) \
(PyType_HasFeature((obj)->ob_type, Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_ITER) && \
(obj)->ob_type->tp_iternext != NULL && \
(obj)->ob_type->tp_iternext != &_PyObject_NextNotImplemented)
PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyIter_Next(PyObject *);
/* Takes an iterator object and calls its tp_iternext slot,
returning the next value. If the iterator is exhausted,
this returns NULL without setting an exception.
NULL with an exception means an error occurred. */
/* Number Protocol:*/
PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyNumber_Check(PyObject *o);
/*
Returns 1 if the object, o, provides numeric protocols, and
false otherwise.
This function always succeeds.
*/
PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyNumber_Add(PyObject *o1, PyObject *o2);
/*
Returns the result of adding o1 and o2, or null on failure.
This is the equivalent of the Python expression: o1+o2.
*/
PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyNumber_Subtract(PyObject *o1, PyObject *o2);
/*
Returns the result of subtracting o2 from o1, or null on
failure. This is the equivalent of the Python expression:
o1-o2.
*/
PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyNumber_Multiply(PyObject *o1, PyObject *o2);
/*
Returns the result of multiplying o1 and o2, or null on
failure. This is the equivalent of the Python expression:
o1*o2.
*/
PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyNumber_Divide(PyObject *o1, PyObject *o2);
/*
Returns the result of dividing o1 by o2, or null on failure.
This is the equivalent of the Python expression: o1/o2.
*/
PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyNumber_FloorDivide(PyObject *o1, PyObject *o2);
/*
Returns the result of dividing o1 by o2 giving an integral result,
or null on failure.
This is the equivalent of the Python expression: o1//o2.
*/
PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyNumber_TrueDivide(PyObject *o1, PyObject *o2);
/*
Returns the result of dividing o1 by o2 giving a float result,
or null on failure.
This is the equivalent of the Python expression: o1/o2.
*/
PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyNumber_Remainder(PyObject *o1, PyObject *o2);
/*
Returns the remainder of dividing o1 by o2, or null on
failure. This is the equivalent of the Python expression:
o1%o2.
*/
PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyNumber_Divmod(PyObject *o1, PyObject *o2);
/*
See the built-in function divmod. Returns NULL on failure.
This is the equivalent of the Python expression:
divmod(o1,o2).
*/
PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyNumber_Power(PyObject *o1, PyObject *o2,
PyObject *o3);
/*
See the built-in function pow. Returns NULL on failure.
This is the equivalent of the Python expression:
pow(o1,o2,o3), where o3 is optional.
*/
PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyNumber_Negative(PyObject *o);
/*
Returns the negation of o on success, or null on failure.
This is the equivalent of the Python expression: -o.
*/
PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyNumber_Positive(PyObject *o);
/*
Returns the (what?) of o on success, or NULL on failure.
This is the equivalent of the Python expression: +o.
*/
PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyNumber_Absolute(PyObject *o);
/*
Returns the absolute value of o, or null on failure. This is
the equivalent of the Python expression: abs(o).
*/
PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyNumber_Invert(PyObject *o);
/*
Returns the bitwise negation of o on success, or NULL on
failure. This is the equivalent of the Python expression:
~o.
*/
PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyNumber_Lshift(PyObject *o1, PyObject *o2);
/*
Returns the result of left shifting o1 by o2 on success, or
NULL on failure. This is the equivalent of the Python
expression: o1 << o2.
*/
PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyNumber_Rshift(PyObject *o1, PyObject *o2);
/*
Returns the result of right shifting o1 by o2 on success, or
NULL on failure. This is the equivalent of the Python
expression: o1 >> o2.
*/
PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyNumber_And(PyObject *o1, PyObject *o2);
/*
Returns the result of bitwise and of o1 and o2 on success, or
NULL on failure. This is the equivalent of the Python
expression: o1&o2.
*/
PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyNumber_Xor(PyObject *o1, PyObject *o2);
/*
Returns the bitwise exclusive or of o1 by o2 on success, or
NULL on failure. This is the equivalent of the Python
expression: o1^o2.
*/
PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyNumber_Or(PyObject *o1, PyObject *o2);
/*
Returns the result of bitwise or on o1 and o2 on success, or
NULL on failure. This is the equivalent of the Python
expression: o1|o2.
*/
/* Implemented elsewhere:
int PyNumber_Coerce(PyObject **p1, PyObject **p2);
This function takes the addresses of two variables of type
PyObject*.
If the objects pointed to by *p1 and *p2 have the same type,
increment their reference count and return 0 (success).
If the objects can be converted to a common numeric type,
replace *p1 and *p2 by their converted value (with 'new'
reference counts), and return 0.
If no conversion is possible, or if some other error occurs,
return -1 (failure) and don't increment the reference counts.
The call PyNumber_Coerce(&o1, &o2) is equivalent to the Python
statement o1, o2 = coerce(o1, o2).
*/
#define PyIndex_Check(obj) \
((obj)->ob_type->tp_as_number != NULL && \
PyType_HasFeature((obj)->ob_type, Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_INDEX) && \
(obj)->ob_type->tp_as_number->nb_index != NULL)
PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyNumber_Index(PyObject *o);
/*
Returns the object converted to a Python long or int
or NULL with an error raised on failure.
*/
PyAPI_FUNC(Py_ssize_t) PyNumber_AsSsize_t(PyObject *o, PyObject *exc);
/*
Returns the Integral instance converted to an int. The
instance is expected to be int or long or have an __int__
method. Steals integral's reference. error_format will be
used to create the TypeError if integral isn't actually an
Integral instance. error_format should be a format string
that can accept a char* naming integral's type.
*/
PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) _PyNumber_ConvertIntegralToInt(
PyObject *integral,
const char* error_format);
/*
Returns the object converted to Py_ssize_t by going through
PyNumber_Index first. If an overflow error occurs while
converting the int-or-long to Py_ssize_t, then the second argument
is the error-type to return. If it is NULL, then the overflow error
is cleared and the value is clipped.
*/
PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyNumber_Int(PyObject *o);
/*
Returns the o converted to an integer object on success, or
NULL on failure. This is the equivalent of the Python
expression: int(o).
*/
PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyNumber_Long(PyObject *o);
/*
Returns the o converted to a long integer object on success,
or NULL on failure. This is the equivalent of the Python
expression: long(o).
*/
PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyNumber_Float(PyObject *o);
/*
Returns the o converted to a float object on success, or NULL
on failure. This is the equivalent of the Python expression:
float(o).
*/
/* In-place variants of (some of) the above number protocol functions */
PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyNumber_InPlaceAdd(PyObject *o1, PyObject *o2);
/*
Returns the result of adding o2 to o1, possibly in-place, or null
on failure. This is the equivalent of the Python expression:
o1 += o2.
*/
PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyNumber_InPlaceSubtract(PyObject *o1, PyObject *o2);
/*
Returns the result of subtracting o2 from o1, possibly in-place or
null on failure. This is the equivalent of the Python expression:
o1 -= o2.
*/
PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyNumber_InPlaceMultiply(PyObject *o1, PyObject *o2);
/*
Returns the result of multiplying o1 by o2, possibly in-place, or
null on failure. This is the equivalent of the Python expression:
o1 *= o2.
*/
PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyNumber_InPlaceDivide(PyObject *o1, PyObject *o2);
/*
Returns the result of dividing o1 by o2, possibly in-place, or null
on failure. This is the equivalent of the Python expression:
o1 /= o2.
*/
PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyNumber_InPlaceFloorDivide(PyObject *o1,
PyObject *o2);
/*
Returns the result of dividing o1 by o2 giving an integral result,
possibly in-place, or null on failure.
This is the equivalent of the Python expression:
o1 /= o2.
*/
PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyNumber_InPlaceTrueDivide(PyObject *o1,
PyObject *o2);
/*
Returns the result of dividing o1 by o2 giving a float result,
possibly in-place, or null on failure.
This is the equivalent of the Python expression:
o1 /= o2.
*/
PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyNumber_InPlaceRemainder(PyObject *o1, PyObject *o2);
/*
Returns the remainder of dividing o1 by o2, possibly in-place, or
null on failure. This is the equivalent of the Python expression:
o1 %= o2.
*/
PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyNumber_InPlacePower(PyObject *o1, PyObject *o2,
PyObject *o3);
/*
Returns the result of raising o1 to the power of o2, possibly
in-place, or null on failure. This is the equivalent of the Python
expression: o1 **= o2, or pow(o1, o2, o3) if o3 is present.
*/
PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyNumber_InPlaceLshift(PyObject *o1, PyObject *o2);
/*
Returns the result of left shifting o1 by o2, possibly in-place, or
null on failure. This is the equivalent of the Python expression:
o1 <<= o2.
*/
PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyNumber_InPlaceRshift(PyObject *o1, PyObject *o2);
/*
Returns the result of right shifting o1 by o2, possibly in-place or
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